713 when,while和 as
① when,while和as都可以引导时间状语从句,表示在一个时间段内某个动作正在发生,从句中用进行时态。
When I was walking along the road,I saw some children playing on the grass. 我沿着马路向前走时,看见一些儿童在草地上玩。
Mother came in while she was crying. 她正在哭时,母亲进来了。
As I was sitting under a tree,I found a bag. 我坐在一棵树下时,发现了一只包。
② when既可以表示一个时间段,也可以表示一个时间点;句中谓语动词既可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的;表示一个时间段时,从句谓语动词用进行时态,表示一个时间点时,从句谓语动词根据具体情况用一般过去时或一般现在时。when从句谓语动词为延续性动词时,可同while,as换用。when从句谓语动词为非延续性动词,主句谓语动词为延续性动词时,不可同while,as替换。
When/While/As I was having supper,someone knocked at the door. 我在吃晚饭时,有人敲门。(was having supper表示一个时间段,have为延续性动词)
They were talking when I arrived. 我到达时他们正在谈话。
It was twelve o'clock when she went to bed. 她是12点钟上床睡的。(went to bed表示一个时间点)
提示
①when作疑问副词用时,表示一个时间点,句中谓语动词要用一般过去时,不可用现在完成时。
When have you come?
When did you come?
你什么时候来的?
②如果when从句谓语是非延续性动词,主句谓语动词也是非延续性动词,when与as可换用,表示“正当这时”,as在时间上更紧凑。
She entered just as/when I opened the door. 我一开门,她就进来了。
③when还可以表示“虽然,既然”等意。
She walked when she might take a taxi. 她虽然可以坐出租车,但仍然步行。
Why don't you do it when you know you must do it?你既然知道必须做,为什么不去做呢?
③ while只能表示一个时间段,谓语动词只能是延续性动词或状态动词,不能是非延续性动词;引导的从句常用进行时态,表示一个动作正在进行时,另外发生了什么事。
He came in while I was reading the newspaper. 我正在读报时他进来了。
She was watering the flowers while I was working. 我在工作时,她在浇花。(主句和从句都用进行时态)
What were you doing while he was watching TV?他看电视时你在干什么?
提示
①while不能表示一个时间点。
你离开房间时,请把灯关掉。
While you leave the room,please turn off the lights.
When you leave the room,please turn off the lights.
②从句谓语动词表示状态时,一般要用while。
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
③while还可以表示对照或让步。
She was dressed in red while her sister in blue. 她穿着红衣服,而她妹妹穿着蓝衣服。
While I like the colour of the coat,I don't like its shape. 我虽然喜欢这件大衣的颜色,但不喜欢它的式样。
④ as表示两个短促的行为、事件同时发生或交替进行,有时表示“一边……一边……”。as从句中的时态可以是进行时,也可以是一般时。
As(可用When)I opened the window,I saw the sun rising. 我打开窗户时,看见太阳正在升起。
Just as he was speaking there came a knock at the door. 他正在说话时,传来了敲门声。
He looked behind as he ran. 他一边跑一边朝后看。
She sang as she danced. 她一边跳一边唱。(不可用when,while)