24.2　一些常见的倒装句

24.2.1　一些倒装句型

1) 由引导词there引导的句子：

There's an outdoor concert tonight in the park. 今晚公园里有一个露天音乐会。

Have there been any fresh developments of the project? 这项计划有什么新的进展吗？

In 1859 there came a war between the two countries. 1859年两国间发生了一场战争。

In the distance there was heard the lowing of the cattle. 远处可听到牛叫声。

关于这类句子可参阅第19.4.1—19.4.4节。

2) 由there，here，now，then等副词引导的句子：

There come the rest of the party. 剩下的人都来了。

There's the bell. 铃响了。

Here is the address of your hotel. 这儿是你旅馆的地址。

Here are my replies to your questions. 这儿是我对你问题的回答。

Here comes a bus. 来了一辆公共汽车。

Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。

Then came the day of his examination. 这时他考试的日子到了。

Then opens an epoch of social revolution. 这时开始了一个社会革命的时代。

3) 由so，neither，nor引导的句子：

He's a teacher and so is his wife. 他是位教师，他妻子也是。

I've been to New York. "So have I." “我去纽约了？” “我也是？”

I like singing and so does Helen. 我喜欢唱歌，海伦也喜欢。

I don't eat meat and neither does Tom. 我不吃肉，汤姆也不吃肉。

James didn't attend the meeting and neither did Jane. 詹姆斯没去开会，简也没去。

I haven't seen that film. "Neither (Nor) have I." “我没看过那部电影？” “我也没有？”

I don't like football. "Nor do I." “我不喜欢足球？” “我也是？”

I couldn't afford to stay there. "Nor could I." “我住不起那里？” “我也住不起？”

Nor will I deny that. 我也不会否认这一点。

24.2.2　一些状语从句中的倒装语序

1) 有些由if引导的条件状语从句（主要是包含有were，had，should的从句），可以把if省略，把上述动词放到主语前面去：

Weren't it for their assistance, we wouldn't be able to do so well. 若不是有他们帮助，我们不会干得这样好。

Had we got there earlier, we would have caught the train. 要是我们到得早一点，我们就赶上火车了。

Should Mary call, say that I'll be back in an hour. 如果玛丽来电话，就说我一个小时后回来。

Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。

Should you require anything, just give me a call. 如果你需要什么，给我打个电话就行。

Had he known that, he would have told you. 他要是知道这事，他早就告诉你了。

这是比较文气的说法，口语中仍以用if比较自然。

2) 有些让步状语从句中有时也有倒装的情况（主要是把表语或部分谓语提前）：

Clever though he was, he couldn't conceal his eagerness for praise. 虽说他很聪明，却不能掩饰他亟于获得赞扬的神情。

Strange though it may seem, the tallest boy is the youngest. 尽管说来奇怪，最高的男孩却是最年少的。

Try as I would, I couldn't make her change her mind. 不管多努力，我都没法让她改变主意。

Try as he might, he couldn't open the box. 不管他想什么办法，都没法把那箱子打开。

Talented as he is, he is not yet ready to turn professional. 尽管他有天赋，他还没有拿定主意当职业演员。

Search as they would, they could find no one in the woods. 尽管他们努力搜寻，在林子中都找不到一个人。

24.2.3　某些副词或状语引导的倒装句

1) 某些有否定意思的副词，若放在句首，句子常用倒装语序：

Never would he know what she had suffered. 他绝不会知道她受过的苦。

Never before has such a high standard been achieved. 以前从未达到过这样高的标准。

Seldom have I seen such brutality. 我很少见过这样残忍的行为。

Little does he care whether we live or die. 他丝毫不在乎我们的死活。

Nowhere could I find him. 我哪儿都找不到他。

Scarcely was she out of sight when he came. 她刚走掉他就来了。

Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚到她就开始诉苦。

Only then could the work be seriously begun. 只有那时这工作才能真正开始。

Not only did he work faster, he worked better also. 他不仅干得更快，干得更好。

Not once has he failed to fulfil his task. 他没有一次不完成任务的。

Rarely does the temperature go above ninety here. 这里的温度很少达到九十度。

2) 有个别其他副词放在句首时，有时也有这个现象：

Often would she (she would) weep when alone. 她一个人时常常哭泣。

Well do I remember the days when we were at school together. 我清楚地记得我们一起读书时的情景。

Bitterly did he repent that decision. 他深深地悔恨那个决定。

Gladly would I give my life to save the child! 我愿牺牲自己来救那孩子！

Brightly shone the moon that night. 那天晚上月亮特别亮。

这类句子多出现在书面语中，在日常口语中这样说时较少。

3) 有些短语（特别是介词短语）移到句首时也可能引导倒装语序：

On no account must we give up this attempt. 我们绝不能放弃这个努力。

Under no circumstances must we relax our vigilance. 在任何情况下我们都不能放松警惕。

In no circumstances could we agree to such a principle. 在任何情况下我们都不能同意这样一个原则。

In vain did he try to open the locked door. 他设法打开那扇锁着的门但没成功。

Only in this way can our honour be saved! 只有这样才能保住我们的荣誉！

Not until yesterday did I learn anything about it. 直到昨天我才对这件事有所了解。

At no point south of the river did the enemy advance more than a mile. 在江的南边任何地方敌人推进都不到一英里。

So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day. 月亮是那样亮，花都像在白天那样艳丽。

24.2.4　一些谓语前移的情况

1) 有些句子没有宾语而主语又比较长，有时可把状语提前，而把主语放到谓语后面去：

Before him lay miles of undulating moorland. 他面前是一片高低起伏的荒原。

After the banquet came a firework display in the garden. 宴会后花园里燃放了烟火。

On the table stood two glasses and an empty brandy bottle. 桌上有两个玻璃杯和一只白兰地空酒瓶。

On every side stretched fields of luxuriant green wheat. 四周都是葱笼的麦田。

From the distance came occasional shots. 从远处传来零星的枪声。

To the list may be added the following names. 名单上还可以加上以下这些名字。

In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 远处可以看见紫色的群山。

2) 为了使描绘显得更生动，有些与介词同形的副词可以移到句首，而把主语放到谓语后面去：

Up went the arrow into the air. 飕的一声箭射上了天。

She rang the bell. In came a girl she had not seen before. 她按铃，进来一个她从未见过的姑娘。

Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from the bushes. 一声吼叫，草丛中呼地冲出一只老虎。

Out sprang the cuckoo. 布谷鸟蹦了出来。

Down flew the eagle to seize the chicken. 老鹰飞下来抓小鸡。

24.2.5　分词和表语移到句首的情况

1) 进行时态中的分词有时可移到句首，来对这动作加以强调：

Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen. 躺在地板上的是一个约十七岁的男孩。

Standing beside the table was an interpreter. 站在桌旁的是一位翻译。

Hanging from the rafters were strings of onions. 椽子上挂着一串串洋葱。

Running across it is a stream named Peach Brook. 穿过这里有条小溪，叫作桃花溪。

Watching the performances were mostly foreign tourists. 观看演出的大多是一些外国游客。

2) 以过去分词作表语的句子，过去分词有时也可以提前，把主语放到后面去：

The most widely distributed is the Hui people. 分布最广的是回族。

Seated on the ground are a group of young people. 坐在地上的是一伙年轻人。

Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, lead and zinc. 地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铅和锌。

Pictured here is a wooden tub used for gathering water-chestnuts. 这里画的是一个采菱用的木盆。

Scattered like stars in the deep mountains are numerous reservoirs and ponds. 在深山里有无数星罗棋布的水库和蓄水池。

3) 作表语的介词短语有时也可以提前：

On the other side is northern Xinjiang. 在另一边是北疆。

Among its products are farm machines and mining equipment. 它的产品中有农业机械和采矿设备。

Next to it is another restaurant where we can have Chinese food. 它隔壁是另一家餐馆，在那里可以吃中餐。

Around the lake are a huge number of farms. 湖四周有为数众多的农场。

Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard. 靠近村子南头有一座大梨园。

4) 其他表语也可提前：

Higher up were forests of white birches. 再往上去是一片片白桦林。

Nearby are houses built by the peasants themselves. 附近是农民自己盖的房子。

Worst of all is the humiliations he suffered. 最不堪的是他经受的许多屈辱。

Below is a restaurant. 楼下是一家餐厅。

Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 mu of sandy wasteland. 水库西南有两千亩沙荒地。

24.2.6　其他倒装句

1) 还有一些其他类型的倒装句，如表示祝愿的句子：

Long live world peace! 世界和平万岁！

May you have a long and happy life. 祝你幸福长寿。

2) 又如在间接引语后的插入语中，主语有时可放在谓语后面：

I do hope, said Nancy, "they haven't all forgotten about it." 南希说，“我真希望他们没把这事完全忘掉？”

You've eaten so much! cried Frank. 弗兰克叫道，“你吃了这么多？”

You're late, whispered Jack. “你迟到了？”杰克低声说。

I'm aware of it, replied the Englishman.“这我知道？”那英国人答道。

3) 有时为了修辞上的考虑，表语也可以提前：

Very grateful we are for your help. 我们非常感谢你的帮助。

A very reliable person he is, to be sure. 他是个非常可靠的人，没问题。

So sudden was the attack (that) we had no time to escape. 袭击那样突然，我们没有时间逃走。

Such was his strength that he could bend iron bars. 他力气那么大，连铁棍都能拧弯。