51 反身代词的形式与用法 Track43
(1)反身代词的形式
反身代词有:
myself yourself himself herself
itself ourselves yourselves themselves
请注意第二人称反身代词单数形式yourself和复数形式yourselves的拼写。例如:
She said to her friends, “Please help ____ to these dishes.”
A. you
B. yourself
C. yourselves
D. them
答案:C。
此外还有不定反身代词oneself。例如:
One shouldn't think the most of oneself, but nothing of others.
一个人不应该只考虑自己,而不顾他人。(在美国英语中常用himself)
(2)反身代词用作宾语
一般来说,若动词所表示的行为施加到施动者自己身上时,也就是说主语和宾语为同一人时,我们用反身代词作动词的宾语。
a. God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。
b. I cut myself when cooking. 做饭的时候我把自己切到了。
c. We enjoyed ourselves on holiday. 假期我们过得很开心。
d. Take good care of yourself. 请多保重。
若主语和宾语不是同一人时,则不能用反身代词作宾语。不能说:
Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating a series ofindicators that could help themselves to predict earthquakes.*
科罗拉多大学的研究人员们正在研究一系列可能帮助他们预测地震的各种参数指标。
分析:定语从句的主语是that,指indicators。而这里themselves显然是指researchers。两者不一致,故不能用反身代词,而应将themselves改为them。
(3)反身代词起强调作用
反身代词可强调主语和宾语。此时self要重读。
1)强调主语
反身代词通常用来强调句子的主语,此时反身代词常位于主语之后。
a. He himself went to visit the old lady.
是他亲自去看望那个老太太的。
b. I myself took my mother to the hospital. 我自己把妈妈送到医院。
c. Stress itself is not an illness, but prolonged stress can lead to sickness and absence from work.
压力本身不是什么疾病,但长期如此就会导致疾病,从而影响到工作。
在不引起句子歧义的情况下,我们可把反身代词置于句末。例如:
a. He went to visit the old lady himself.
b. I took my mother to the hospital myself.
而下边这句就会有歧义:
c. He spoke to the boss himself. 他和老板本人谈过了。
或者理解为:
a. He himself spoke to the boss. 他亲自找老板谈过了。
2)强调宾语
强调宾语的反身代词只能紧跟在宾语后边。例如:
a. He saw Tom himself. 他看到汤姆本人了。
比较:He himself saw Tom. 他亲眼看见了汤姆。
b. I will send this gift to John himself.
我会把这礼物给约翰本人。(而不是通过别人转交。)
(4)介词+反身代词
1)by oneself:单独地,独自一人地
I went there by myself. 我自己一人去了那儿。
比较:I went there myself. 我亲自去了那儿一趟。
2)of oneself:自动地,自然而然地
The door opened of itself. 门自动开了。