考点1 There be结构
There be句型表示某物或某事存在或不存在。There be后面的名词是句子的主语,属倒装结构。
1. There be句型与情态动词连用
There be句型中的谓语动词be可与各种情态动词连用。
He felt that there must be something wrong. 他感到一定是出了错儿。
There should be a law against that. 应该有法律来约束它。
2. There be句型与happen to, appear/seem to, be going to, used to, be likely to等连用
There be句型中的谓语动词be还可以与happen to(碰巧),appear/seem to(似乎),be going to(将会),used to(曾经),have to(必须),be likely to(很可能)等连用。
There happened to be an old friend of mine in the club.
在那个俱乐部碰巧有我的一个老朋友。
There used to be a tall building by the playground. 过去,在操场边上有一座高楼。
There is likely to be an exhibition in that galary next weekend.
下周末,那家画廊可能有一次展览。
3. There be句型中be动词的变体
There be句型中的动词be有时可根据情况换成其他动词。这些动词有两类:一类是表示存在概念的状态动词,如:exist, remain, live, lie, stand;一类是表示某事发生或某人到达等概念的不及物动词,如:come, enter, arise, occur, follow, appear。
There lies a river behind the house. 房子后面有一条河。
Then there came a knock at the door. 然后听到了敲门声。
There once lived a poor farmer who had four sons.
从前有个穷苦的农夫,他有四个儿子。
注意
在这类句型中,有时将地点状语提前(置于句首),则可以省略there。
Behind the house(there)lies a river. 房子后面有一条河。
4. There be的非谓语动词形式
There be 结构也可以以不定式(there to be)、动名词(there being)和现在分词(there being)的形式出现在句子中,作主语、宾语或状语。
I don’t want there to be any more trouble. 我不希望再有麻烦了。(不定式作宾语)
I expect there to be no argument about this.
我希望对此没有什么争论。(不定式作宾语)
What’s the chance of there being an election this year?
今年举行大选的可能性有多大?(动名词作介词宾语)
There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.
离房子这么近有一个汽车站,这太便利了。(动名词作主语)
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。(分词作状语,属于独立主格结构)
5. There be构成的固定句型
· There is no point in+v-ing:没道理,没用,没必要
· There is no use(in)+v-ing:毫无用处
· There is no sense in+v-ing:毫无道理
· There is no need to+v:没有必要
· There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问
例如:
There is no point in arguing further. 再争下去也没用。
There is no use in hiding that fact from him. 对他隐瞒那个事实没什么用。
There is no sense in making a child suffer like that.
让一个孩子受那样的苦是毫无道理的。
There is no need for him to remain in Shanghai. 他没有必要再留在上海。
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问,我们的教育制度令人不满意。