听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:我们在与饥饿的斗争中出了什么错，希望你会喜欢！
[演讲者及介绍]Jasmine Crowe
Jasmine Crowe是Goodr的创始人，Goodr是一家以科技为基础的可持续食物垃圾管理公司，致力于消除饥饿，节省垃圾填埋场的食物。
[演讲主题]我们在结束饥饿的斗争中出了什么错
[中英文字幕]
翻译者Wanting Zhong 校对者 Kiki Peng
00:12
In June of 2017, I volunteered with a groupat a local food pantry on the south side of my home city in Atlanta, Georgia.It was a Friday afternoon, the day of their weekly food giveaway. And as Idrove up, I saw people beginning to arrive, many with their rolling carts intow, prepared to receive their food supply for the week. As I was walking inthe door, there were about 40 people outside waiting in line. And I was soexcited, because there are very few things I enjoy more than giving back.
2017 年 6 月，我和一群人在我的家乡佐治亚州亚特兰大市南边的一所食品救济站做志愿者。那是个星期五下午，是每周一次的食品派发日。当我开车抵达时，我看到人们陆续到达，很多人都推着他们的小推车，准备领取那一周的食品供应。我走进门的时候，外面大概有 40 人在排队等待。我非常激动，因为我最喜欢的事情莫过于回赠社会。
00:44
But then, as I entered the room where thevolunteer meeting was taking place, I immediately realized: we weren't about togive these people any real meals. We were essentially just giving them food. Itook my place on the assembly line, where -- get this -- I was in charge ofmaking sure that the Weight Watchers Ding Dongs made it into every family'sbag.
然而，当我走进志愿者会议室，我立刻意识到：我们无法给这些人提供任何一顿像样的饭。我们本质上只是在给他们提供食物。我走到自己在流水线的位置，接下来，听好了——我负责确保 WW 牌奶油夹心巧克力蛋糕顺利进入每一家人的袋子里。
01:04
As the bags started to come around, I'mthinking to myself: What on earth are we doing here? Each bag contained two20-ounce diet Snapples, a gallon of barbecue sauce, a bag of kettle potatochips, a box of superhero-shaped vegetable-enriched macaroni noodles, a box ofbelVita breakfast bars, a can of refried beans, a can of sweet peas, aminiature can of corn, I can't forget about those Ding Dongs and french friedgreen onions, you know, the kind that go on top of a green bean casserole. Andthat was it. We made over a hundred of those bags that day, and people indeedstood in line to receive one. But a feeling came over me; I felt bad and alittle angry. It was like, how could I even feel good about the work that I wasdoing when I knew for a fact that not one meal was to come from the food we hadjust given to over 100 families? I mean, who wants to have a meal with barbecuesauce and Ding Dongs?
当袋子开始传过来时，我心想：我们到底在这里干什么？每个食品袋都装有：两瓶 590 毫升思乐宝低糖饮料，3.8 升烧烤酱，一包手切薯片，一盒超级英雄形状的添加蔬菜成分的通心粉，一盒贝唯他早餐棒，一罐焗豆泥，一罐甜豌豆，一小罐玉米，我没法忘记那些奶油夹心蛋糕 以及油炸葱碎，就是洒在青豆砂锅煲 （美国感恩节特色菜品）上面的那种。就这么多。那天我们制作了 超过一百个袋子，人们也的确排队领取了。但我心中充斥着一种感觉；我觉得很糟糕，还有一点愤怒。当我明知道我们刚刚分配给上百个家庭的那些食物 根本没法做出一顿饭，我还怎么可能对我的工作 自我感觉良好？ 我的意思是，有谁会想拿 烧烤酱和奶油夹心蛋糕当饭啊？
02:02
(Laughter)
（笑声）
02:03
And the reality is, I've been part of thisprocess all my life. I've participated in food drives, I've collected canssince I was a kid, I've donated in the grocery store more times than I cancount, I've volunteered at shelters, I've worked in food pantries, and I'msure, like me, so many of you have, too. In 2013, I even created a pop-uprestaurant, called Sunday Soul. And I rented tables and chairs and linens and Iprinted out menus and I took these experiences to alleyways, underneath bridgesand in parks to allow people that were experiencing homelessness to dine withdignity. So I've invested in this fight for quite some time.
而现实是，我一生都在参与这个过程：我参加过食品募捐，我小时候收集过食品罐头，我给杂货店捐赠的次数已经数不过来了，我在收容所做志愿者，我在食品救济站帮忙，并且我肯定，你们很多人都和我一样。在 2013 年，我甚至创立了一家叫做“星期日之魂”的限时餐厅。我租来了桌椅和桌布，打印出菜单，并将这种用餐的体验带到各个小巷、桥洞、公园中，让那些无家可归的人们也能体面地用餐。我已经投身这场斗争不少时日。
02:43
In almost every major US city, the foodbank is viewed as a beloved community institution. Corporations send volunteersdown on a weekly basis to sort through food items and make boxes of food forthe needy. And can drives -- they warm the hearts of schools and officebuildings that participate and fill the shelves of food banks and food pantriesacross the nation. This is how we work to end hunger. And what I've come torealize is that we are doing hunger wrong. We are doing the same things overand over and over again and expecting a different end result. We've created acycle that keeps people dependent on food banks and pantries on a monthly basisfor food that is often not well-balanced and certainly doesn't provide themwith a healthy meal.
在几乎所有的美国主要城市中，食品救济站都被视为深受喜爱的社区机构。公司每周都派送志愿者分拣食物、为需要的人制作一盒盒食品。还有罐头募捐——这些活动温暖了参与的学校与公司的心灵，并填满了全国各地食品仓库与食品救济站的货架。这就是我们努力消除饥饿的方式。而我也渐渐开始意识到，我们对付饥饿的方式是错误的。我们在一遍又一遍地重复同样的做法，却期盼能获得不同的结果。我们创造的循环让人们月复一月地依赖食品救济站，依赖往往营养不均衡的食品，肯定无法从中获得健康的三餐。
03:30
In the US, our approach to doing good, orwhat we call "charity," has actually hindered us from making realprogress. We're educating the world on how many people are food insecure. Thereare television commercials, billboards, massive donations, the engagement ofsome of our biggest celebrities in the fight. But the ever-present reality isthat, even with all of this work, millions of people are still going hungry.And we can do better. Globally, 821 million people are hungry. That's one innine people on this planet.
在美国，我们做好事的途径，或者说是“慈善”，其实反而阻碍了我们取得真正的进步。我们正在让世界了解还有多少人缺乏食物保障，包括电视广告、广告牌、 大型募捐，以及参与到斗争中 的一些颇具影响力的名人。但一直存在的现实是，即使投入了这么多努力，仍有数百万民众食不果腹。而我们可以做得更好。全球有 8.21 亿人口在挨饿。也就是说地球上每九个人中就有一人吃不饱肚子。
04:03
And here in the United States, nearly 40million people experience hunger every single year, including more than 11million children that go to bed hungry every night. Yet, we're wasting morefood than ever before -- more than 80 billion pounds a year, to be exact. TheEPA estimates that food waste has more than doubled between 1970 and 2017, andnow accounts for 27 percent of everything in our landfills. And as this foodsits, it gradually rots and produces harmful methane gas, a leading contributorto global climate change. We have the waste of the food itself, the waste ofall the money associated with producing this now-wasted food and the waste oflabor with all of the above. And then there's the social inequity betweenpeople who really need food and can't get it and people who have too much andsimply throw it away.
而在美国，每年有约 4 千万人会历经饥饿，包括超过 1100 万名每晚饥肠辘辘入睡的儿童。然而，我们对食物的浪费程度前所未有：准确说来，每年浪费的食物数量超过八百亿吨。环境保护局估计在 1970 年和 2017 年之间，食品浪费翻了不止一倍，现在占据了垃圾填埋场的 27%。这些食物在放置过程中渐渐腐烂，并产生有害的甲烷气体，即全球气候变化的主要原因。我们浪费的不仅是食物本身，还有在生产被浪费食物过程中投入的金钱，以及其中涉及的劳动力。同时，社会不平等现象存在于那些真正需要食物却无法获得，以及那些因食物绰绰有余而随意丢弃的人之间。
04:54
All of this made me realize that hunger wasnot an issue of scarcity but rather a matter of logistics. So in 2017, I setout to end hunger using technology. After all, food delivery apps had begun toexplode on the scene, and I thought surely we can reverse-engineer thistechnology and get food from businesses like restaurants and grocery stores andinto the hands of people in need. I believe that technology and innovation havethe power to solve real problems, especially hunger.
以上种种使我意识到饥饿并不是资源短缺的问题，而是物流统筹的问题。于是在 2017 年，我开始使用科技消除饥饿。毕竟食品快递应用已经呈现爆炸式增长，我觉得我们一定能够反向运用这项技术，从餐厅与杂货店之类的商家处获得食物并送到需要的人们手中。我相信科技与创新有解决现实问题的力量，尤其是饥饿。
05:25
So in 2017, I created an app that wouldinventory everything that a business sells and make it super easy for them todonate this excess food that would typically go to waste at the end of thenight. All the user has to do now is click on an item, tell us how many theyhave to donate, and our platform calculates the weight and the tax value ofthose items at time of donation. We then connect with local drivers in theshared economy to get this food picked up and delivered directly to the doorsof nonprofit organizations and people in need. I provided the data and theanalytics to help businesses reduce food waste at the source by letting themknow the items that they waste repeatedly on a regular basis, and they evensaved millions of dollars. Our mission was simple: feed more, waste less. Andby 2018, our clients included the world's busiest airport, Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson,and we were working with brands and corporations like Hormel, Chick-fil-A andPapa John's. We even had the opportunity to work with the NFL for Super BowlLIII. And over the last two years, we've worked with over 200 business todivert more than two million pounds of edible food from landfills into thehands of people that needed it most.
于是在 2017 年，我开发了一款应用，能够盘点商家所有贩售品的存货，并能让他们非常轻松地捐赠过剩的食材，而不是像以往那样在打烊时丢弃掉。用户只需要点击某样物品，告诉我们想要捐赠的数量，我的平台就会计算出这些物品的重量 以及捐赠时的税额。接下来我们会联系 共享经济中的当地司机，让他们提取这些食物，并直接运送到 非营利机构和需要帮助 的民众家门口。我提供数据和分析 让企业了解他们经常 反复地浪费了哪些食材，以此帮助企业在源头 减少食品浪费，他们甚至得以节省几百万美元。我们的使命很简单：多喂饱，少浪费。截止 2018 年，我们的客户包括了世界最繁忙的机场，亚特兰大的哈茨菲尔德-杰克逊机场，我们也在与荷美尔食品、副乐鸡和棒!约翰连锁餐厅这样的品牌与公司合作。我们甚至有机会和全美橄榄球联盟合作，参与了第 53 届超级碗。在过去两年，我们和两百多家企业合作，让超过 200 吨可食用的食品免于进入垃圾填埋场，而是送到了最需要的人们手中。
06:34
(Applause)
（掌声）
06:35
Thank you.
谢谢。
06:37
(Applause)
（掌声）
06:43
This has accounted for about 1.7 millionmeals and allowed us to start to expand our efforts to other cities, likeWashington, DC, Chicago, Miami, Philadelphia and more.
这相当于 170 万顿饭，我们得以开始将业务拓展到其它城市，例如华盛顿特区，芝加哥，迈阿密，费城等等。
06:53
That's just one approach that actuallytackles the problem. Another was the launch of our pop-up grocery stores. Werecover excess food from businesses and set up free community grocery storesright in the middle of food deserts. We bring out a chef, and we do on-sitetaste-testings and allow families to leave with recipe cards. We give everyfamily reusable grocery bags and allow them to simply shop minus the price tag.We wanted to give people access to meals and not just food. We wanted to changethe way that we think and work to solve hunger in this country, get people tobelieve that we can solve hunger, not as a nonprofit, not as a food bank but asa social enterprise, with the goal of reducing waste and ending hunger. But ithasn't been as easy as I thought to change the narrative and the thoughtprocess on how we think that hunger can be solved.
这只是其中一种解决问题的方法。另一种方法是创设限时食品杂货店。我们从商家回收富余食品，在饥饿的重灾区正中心开设免费的社区食品杂货店。我们让厨师烹饪，举办现场试吃，并让家庭带着食谱离开。我们给每个家庭提供环保购物袋，让他们不用在意价格标签，尽情采购。我们想让人们获得一日三餐，而不仅仅是食物。我们想要改变解决这个国家饥饿问题的思考和工作方式，让人们相信我们能攻克饥饿难题，不是作为非营利机构或是食品救济站，而是作为一个旨在减少浪费、结束饥饿的社会企业。但要改变我们对于解决饥饿问题的视角和思考方式，并没有我想象的那么简单。
07:41
In 2016, France became the first country toban supermarkets from throwing away unused food. Instead, they must donate it,and they're fined if they don't.
在 2016 年，法国成为了第一个禁止超市丢弃未使用食物的国家。超市必须捐赠这些食物，否则将会面临罚款。
07:51
Yes.
7:51
没错。
07:52
(Applause)
（掌声）
07:56
In 2017, Italy followed suit, becoming thesecond European nation to pass an anti-food-waste ban. And they stated it sosimply as it was passed through legislation: "We have millions of poundsof good food going to waste, and we have poor people that are goinghungry." That simple.
2017 年，意大利效仿，成为了第二个通过 禁止食品浪费法案 的欧洲国家。而在通过立法时，他们的陈述如此简单： “我们浪费了数百吨优质食品，但我们的穷人还填不饱肚子。” 就这么简单。
08:13
Denmark now has a mandated food wastegrocery store. Its name: Wefood. They recover excess food from local grocerystores and sell it at up to a 50 percent off discount. They then use all theproceeds and donate it to emergency aid programs and social need issues for thepeople in need. It has been hailed as "the Goodwill of grocery."
丹麦现在开设了过剩食物的专门店，叫做威福（Wefood）。他们从当地的食品杂货店回收过剩食物，并以最高可达五折的折扣贩售。他们将全部所得捐赠给紧急援助项目 以及帮助有需求群体的公益项目。威福被誉为“食品界的 Goodwill”。【注：美国二手商店，致力公益】
08:34
And last year, the world got its firstpay-what-you-can grocery store, when Feed it Forward opened in Toronto. Theirshelves remain stocked by recovering excess food from major supermarkets andallowing families to simply pay what they can at their grocery store.
去年，世界首家“给钱就卖”杂货店 Feed it Forward 在多伦多开业。【注：意为“把吃的传递出去”】他们的货架上放满了从各大超市回收的富余食品，让在店里购物的家庭能付多少钱就看着给。
08:51
This is amazing. This innovation we needmore of. Everyone can take on the roles of changing the attitudes about how wesolve hunger. When we think of how we've allowed innovation and technology tochange our lives, from how we communicate with each other to how we view ourentertainment to how we even receive food, it's amazing that we haven't solvedhunger yet. We literally have cars that can drive themselves and millions ofpeople that cannot feed themselves. With millions of dollars being donated toend food insecurity, we should've solved hunger years ago. And I asked myself--
这真是了不起。我们需要更多这样的创新。每个人都能为改变对待如何缓解饥饿的态度出一份力。想想我们如何任由创新与科技 改变了我们的生活，从沟通方式，到对娱乐的看法，甚至到我们获得食物的途径；相比之下，我们依然还没有攻克饥饿就显得很不可思议。我们甚至有能够自主驾驶的汽车，却还有数百万人没法喂饱自己。为了结束食物无保障的状况已经捐赠了几百万美元，我们早在多年前就理应解决好饥饿问题了。于是我问自己——
09:27
(Applause)
（掌声）
09:31
I asked myself, why can't we escape thisvicious cycle? Why haven't we solved this problem? I remember meeting withinvestors and pitching the idea, trying to raise funds for my business, and oneof them said to me, in true seriousness, "Hunger is already beingsolved," as if millions of people weren't going to go to bed hungry thatvery night, and as if there was nothing else to do. And the reality is, onewould think that hunger is being solved, but the truth is, it's being workedon.
我问自己，为什么我们无法逃离这个恶性循环？为什么我们还没有解决这个问题？我记得和投资者会面，介绍我的想法，试图为我的事业筹措资金，而其中一位投资者非常严肃地对我说，“饥饿问题已经被解决了”，仿佛那一晚的几百万人并没有饿着肚子入睡，仿佛我们已经没有什么要做的了。而现实是，有人或许以为饥饿问题已被攻克，而真相是，它依旧是一个亟待解决的问题。
09:57
If we really want to solve hunger, then wehave to change the way we've been doing it. The same actions will always garnerthe same results. There are hundreds of social entrepreneurs all over theworld. They have a focus to solve really big problems, like hunger, but they'llnever get the same support that we give national hunger-fighting organizationsand food banks. But, if given the opportunity, they have the ability to fosterinsight and perhaps be forward-thinking enough to solve this problem.
如果我们真的想攻克饥饿，就必须改变一贯的处理方式。同样的做法只会带来同样的结果。世界上有几百名社会企业家。他们专注于解决非常重大的问题，比如饥饿，但他们永远不会得到和全国消除饥饿组织及食品救济站同样规模的支持。但如果有机会，他们能够培养洞察力，或许有足够的远见能够解决这个问题。
10:24
That's why I'm traveling the world and I'mreally talking about what hunger looks like in America and explaining thedifference between giving people access to food and access to meals. I've beenmeeting with city council members and city organizers across the US and tellingthem that technology indeed does have the power to connect businesses withsurplus food to people in need, and explaining to them what a meal can actuallymean to a family. I've been meeting with school boards and school districts totalk about how we feed hungry children, and health care organizations, sharingthe message that food is health, and food is life, and that, by solving hunger,we can solve so many more problems.
正因如此，我才环游世界，讲述美国饥饿的面貌，并解释给人们提供食物如何有别于给人们提供三餐。我同全美各地的市政府成员与城市组织者会面，告诉他们科技的确有能力将食品富余的企业和有需求的民众联结，并向他们解释一顿饭对一个家庭的实际意义。我同学校董事会以及学区负责人会面，探讨我们如何喂饱饥饿的儿童；我同医疗组织会面，分享这样的讯息：食物即是健康，食物即是生命，通过解决饥饿，我们能够解决其它更多问题。
11:01
So if we want to know that we don't live ina nation where perfectly good food goes to waste when our neighbors don't havefood to eat, then we need to change the laws. We need to introduce newpolicies, and, most importantly, we need to change our minds and our actions.Food drives are fine. Food banks serve a huge purpose. And yes, sometimes Ilike Ding Dongs, too. But the reality is that food drives do not solve hunger.And if we are smart about connecting the dots that are right in front of ournoses, we can do far more than give a family a box of superhero-shapedvegetable-enriched macaroni noodles and a gallon of barbecue sauce to feedthemselves. Instead, we can give them back their dignity. Perhaps we canincrease school attendance in schools. We can improve the health outcomes formillions. And, most importantly, we can reduce food waste in our landfills,creating a better environment for all of us.
所以如果我们想要确保我们生活的国家 不会让优质食物白白浪费，不会让我们的邻居食不果腹，那么我们需要改变法律。我们需要引进新的政策，最重要的是，我们需要改变我们的思考与行为。食品募捐没有问题。食品救济站意义重大。没错，有时候我也喜欢吃奶油夹心巧克力蛋糕。但现实是，食品募捐无法解决饥饿问题。如果我们能动动脑子，把就在鼻子跟前的点串联成线，我们能做的就远远不止于给一个家庭提供一盒超级英雄形状的添加蔬菜成分的通心粉和 3.8 升烧烤酱，让他们以此充饥。与之相反，我们能还给他们尊严。或许我们能增加学校的出勤率。我们能改善几百万人的健康。最重要的是，我们能减少垃圾填埋场中的食品浪费，为大家创造更好的环境。
11:54
The thing I love most is that we can feelgood about it in the process. If we solve hunger, we have nothing to lose andeverything to gain. So let's do it.
最美妙的是，在这过程中我们能感觉良好。解决饥饿有百利而无一害。那就让我们行动吧！
12:03
Thank you.
谢谢。
12:05
(Applause)
（掌声）
12:07
Thank you.
谢谢。
