职称英语 名词性从句
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    ●名词性从句

    名词性从句的语法功能相当于一个名词词组,一般分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

    一、引导名词性从句的连接词

    1.连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。

    2.连接副词:when, where, why, how。有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。

    3.连接词:that, whether, if, as if, that。无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if (whether), as if虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。

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    连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问词,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether和if(是否),as if(好像)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句意,whether, if和as if都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。

    二、主语从句

    1.主语从句在复合句作主语。例:

    Who will go is not important.

    2.用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。例:

    It doesn't matter so much whether you will come or not.

    3.that引导主语从句时,不能省略。例:

    That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.

    三、表语从句

    1.表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。例:

    The question was who could go there.

    2.引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。例:

    My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.

    四、宾语从句

    1.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。例:

    I hope (that) everything is all right.

    2.介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或whether。例:

    I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.

    I'm interested in what you've said.

    3.whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面几种情况不能互换。

    ①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。例:

    I wonder if it doesn't rain.

    ②用if会引起误解,就要用whether。例:

    Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解。)

    ③宾语从句中的whether与or not直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。例:

    I don't know whether or not the report is true.

    I don't know whether/if the report is true or not.

    ④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether。例:

    It depends on whether we have enough time.

    Please come to see me if you have time.

    五、同位语从句

    同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。例:

    I have no idea when he will be back.

    The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

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