初中·课本中不会教你的 217 such, what, so和how
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    217 such, what, so和how

    1 such 和what 用作形容词时,修饰名词,such 意为“如此的,这样的”,what 意为“多么”。在“形容词+名词”结构前,要用such 或what ,结构为:

    such+a/an+形容词 +单数名词

    what+a/an+形容词 +单数名词

    such+形容词 +复数名词

    what+形容词 +复数名词

    such+形容词 +不可数名词

    what+形容词 +不可数名词

    这种结构中的“形容词+名词”应当作一个名词词组看待,such 和what 就修饰这个名词词组。

    He didn't say such a thing. 他没有说过那样的事。

    It is such an interesting book . 这是如此有趣的一本书。

    What a fine day it is! 多么好的一天呀!

    I've never seen such big apples . 我从没见过这么大的苹果。

    What tall buildings they are! 它们是多么高的大楼啊!

    It's such cold water . 这是如此冷的水。

    What bad weather it is!多糟的天气啊!(不可说What a bad weather it is!)

    2 so 和how 用作副词,修饰形容词和副词,so 意为“如此,这样”,how 意为“多么”,结构为:

    so+形容词 +a/an+单数名词

    how+形容词 +a/an+单数名词

    这种结构中的形容词后必须有不定冠词a 或an ,后面也必须是可数单数名词,而不能是复数名词或不可数名词。

    It is so interesting a book . 这是如此有趣的一本书。

    How fine a day it is! 多么好的一天啊!

    这是多么好的一幅画 。

    It is so nice a picture . (正)

    It is so a nice picture . (误)

    It's such a nice picture. (正)

    What cold water it is! (正)多冷的水啊 !

    How cold water it is! (误)

    这是多么有用的工具啊 !

    How useful a tool it is! (正)

    How a useful tool it is! (误)

    What a useful tool it is! (正)

    3 such...as 意为“像……一样的(人或物)”,这里的as 不可用like。

    I've never seen such a clean city as Nanjing. 我从未见过像南京这样干净的城市。

    I like such friends as Jim and Tom. 我喜欢像吉姆和汤姆这样的朋友。

    I enjoy working with such a man as he. 我喜欢同像他这样的人一起工作。

    我从未遇见过像她这样善良的女孩 。

    I've never met such a kind girl as she. (正)

    I've never met such a kind girl like she. (误)

    4 such...that 和so...that 都可以表示“如此……以致”,that引导结果状语从句,但搭配不同,比较:

    such(+形容词 )+名词 +that从句 (such是形容词 )

    so+形容词 (+名词 )或副词 +that从句 (so是副词 )

    It was such a good book that he read it three times. 这本书那么好,他读了3遍 。

    It is so good a book that he read it three times.

    这些衣服如此贵,她买不起 。

    These are such dear clothes that she can't buy them.

    These clothes are so dear that she can't buy them.

    这咖啡确实好,他又要了一杯 。

    It was such good coffee that he asked for another cup.

    The coffee is so good that he asked for another cup.

    他是个学习这么用功的学生,一定会通过考试 。

    He is such a hard-working student that he will surely pass the exam.

    He is so hard-working a student that he will surely pass the exam.

    提示

    such用作形容词时,要放在a或an的前面,见上例,但要放在any, all, another, every, no, many, more, one, some, several等的后面。

    All such books must be read. 所有这样的书都要读。(不可说such all books)

    One such dictionary is enough. 一本这样的词典就够了。(不可说such one dictionary)

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