239 if和whether
1 if 可以引导条件状语从句,表示真实条件,为单纯的假定,意为“如果,假如”,而whether 则不可。
If you don't study hard, you'll fail your exam. 如果你不努力学习,你考试可能不及格。
We will go on a picnic if it doesn't rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去野餐。
2 if 可以引导虚拟条件句,表示假设条件,意为“如果,假如”,而whether 则不可。
If I were you, I would go there. 如果我是你,我就去那里。
If it were not raining outside, we would go to play football. 要不是外面在下雨的话,我们就去踢足球了。
3 if 和 whether 均可引导宾语从句,意为“是否,是不是”。
I wonder if/whether he has done his work. 我不知道他是否把工作做完了。
Please tell me if/whether you will come. 请告诉我你来不来。
4 whether 可以引导主语从句并放在句首,也可引导表语从句,而if 则不可。
Whether it is right or wrong remains a question. 它是否对仍是个问题。
The only question now is whether he is willing to help us. 目前唯一的问题是,他是否愿意帮助我们。
比较
If he comes or not is still unknown.(误)
Whether he comes or not is still unknown.(正)他是否来还不得而知。
5 whether 可与不定式连用,而if 则不可。
I don't know if to stay or not. (误)
I don't know whether to stay or not . (正)我不知道要不要留下来 。
6 whether...or 表示“不管……还是……”,既可以连接两个词,也可以连接两个句子,用作状语。而if 则不可。例如:
All the students in the class, whether boys or girls, have read the book. 全班所有的学生,不管是男生还是女生,都读过这本书。
Whether you come today or tomorrow, it's the same to me. 不论你今天来还是明天来,对我都一样。
7 whether or not 意为“是否”,是用作连词的短语,连接句子。whether or not 可以一齐放在句首起连接作用,也可以分开,把or not放在句尾。而if... or not 只能分开使用,引导宾语从句。
I shall buy the coat whether she likes it or not . 不论她喜欢不喜欢,我都要买那件上衣。
Whether or not she comes is of no importance. (正)她来不来都不重要 。
Whether she comes or not is of no importance. (正)
Whether or no she comes is of no importance. (误)
I wonder whether he'll come or not . (正)我不知道他是否来 。
I wonder if he'll come or not.(正)
I wonder if or not he'll come. (误)
8 whether 可以引导让步状语从句,意为“不管”,而if 则不可。
I'll lend him the money whether you agree or not. 不管你同意不同意,我都将把钱借给他。