研究人员说，非裔美国学生被停学的可能性几乎是白种人的四倍。
And a new study may help explain why.
一项新的研究可能有助于解释原因。
It alleges to have uncovered evidence of racial bias among a sample of school principals and assistant principals.
该研究声称在学校校长和助理校长的样本中发现了种族偏见的证据。
African-American middle-school and high-school boys were more likely to be seen as troublemakers and their misbehavior more severe, than Caucasian counterparts for exactly the same behavior, researchers found.
研究人员发现，与白人相比，非洲裔美国中学和高中男生更容易被视为麻烦制造者，他们的不良行为也更严重。
The results help explain not only issues relating to school discipline but also problems with education and life chances, the researchers added. School suspensions can end up having serious long-term consequences for the students, they note.
研究人员补充说，研究结果不仅有助于解释与学校纪律有关的问题，还有助于解释与教育和生活机会有关的问题。他们指出，停学可能会给学生带来严重的长期后果。
Students who have been suspended from school can fall badly behind others in key metrics such as reading skills. “The more students fall behind, the less likely they are to graduate from high school or enter college and the more likely they are to become incarcerated, a growing concern called the ‘school-to-prison pipeline,’” the researchers add.
被停学的学生在阅读技能等关键指标上可能远远落后于其他人。研究人员补充说:“落后的学生越多，他们从高中毕业或进入大学的可能性就越小，他们被监禁的可能性也就越大，这是一种被称为‘学校到监狱的管道’的日益增长的担忧。”
These disparities can have long-term financial consequences: full-time workers who didn’t graduate from high school had a median weekly wage of $520, compared with $712 a week for workers with a high school diploma but no college, according to 2017 figures from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
这些差异可能会产生长期的经济后果:美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics) 2017年的数据显示，高中未毕业的全职工人每周工资中值为520美元，而高中文凭但没有大学文凭的工人每周工资中值为712美元。
The research was conducted by Shoshana Jarvis, a doctoral research student in psychology at the University of California, Berkeley and psychology professor Jason Okonofua. It is published in the Journal of Social Psychological and Personality Science.
这项研究由加州大学伯克利分校心理学博士生Shoshana Jarvis和心理学教授Jason Okonofua共同完成。该研究结果发表在《社会心理与人格科学》杂志上。
Previous research has suggested school administrators treat black students differently than their white counterparts. National data collected by the US Department of Education’s Office For Civil Rights showed that in the 2015-16 school year, black students were more likely to be suspended from school than white students: black male students represented 8 percent of enrolled students and accounted for 25 percent of students who received an out-of-school suspension.
先前的研究表明，学校管理者对待黑人学生的方式与对待白人学生的方式不同。美国教育部民权办公室收集的国家数据显示，在2015-16学年，黑人学生比白人学生更容易被停学：黑人男生占在校生的8%，占被停学学生的25%。
Bottom line: The principals and assistant principals rated the same misbehavior by black students as more severe than the white students’ misbehavior. The black students were more likely to be seen as troublemakers and were on average given more days’ suspension.
一句话：校长和助理校长认为黑人学生的同样错误行为,比白人学生的错误行为更严重。黑人学生更容易被视为捣乱者，平均被停课天数更长。
