除了长叶莴苣外，还有5种食物也可能含有大肠杆菌

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will begin broad testing of romaine lettuce for E. coli and salmonella. The agency made the decision in the wake of recent E. coli outbreaks.

美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)将开始对长叶莴苣进行大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的广泛测试。该机构是在最近爆发大肠杆菌疫情后做出这一决定的。

There are also other, less obvious foods that can harbor E. coli and cause illness. (Photo: Evgeny Karandaev/Shutterstock)

Most recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been investigating a cluster of cases linked to bagged Caesar salad containing the romaine.

最近，美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)一直在调查一系列与袋装凯撒生菜沙拉有关的病例。

Contaminated romaine lettuce has been responsible for three separate, multi-state E. coli outbreaks in the last two years. Those outbreaks killed five people and made another 295 sick, UPI reports.

在过去的两年里，受污染的长叶莴苣已经导致了三次不同的、跨州的大肠杆菌爆发。UPI报道，这些疫情导致5人死亡，295人患病。

Here are five other foods that you'll see recalled from time to time because of E. coli, along with tips on how to safely prepare them.

下面是另外五种因为大肠杆菌而不时被召回的食物，以及如何安全食用的建议。

Sprouts

豆芽

Growing conditions make sprouts particularly susceptible to E. coli. (Photo: margouillat photo/Shutterstock)

Sprouts are grown in warm, humid conditions ideal for the growth of bacteria like E. coli, as well as salmonella and listeria. They're at their most dangerous when eaten raw, but cooking them can reduce risks and kill harmful bacteria. Between 1996 and 2016, there were 46 U.S. outbreaks of food-borne illness from sprouts. In 2017, the FDA began taking steps to curb the high number of bacterial illnesses linked to contaminated raw sprouts.

豆芽生长在温暖潮湿的环境中，是大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和李斯特菌等细菌生长的理想环境。生吃时它们最危险，但烹饪它们可以降低风险，杀死有害细菌。从1996年到2016年，美国爆发了46起由豆芽引发的食源性疾病。2017年，美国食品和药物管理局开始采取措施，控制与受污染的生豆芽有关的大量细菌疾病。

Water

水

Even water isn't safe from contamination. (Photo: ericlefrancais/Shutterstock)

Bottled water is usually safe when it comes to bacterial contaminants, but in 2015, Niagara Brand bottled water issued a recall out of an abundance of caution because of possible E. coli contamination, even though no illnesses were reported. The danger from E. coli-infected water usually comes from sources like private wells or drinking straight from a body of water that has been contaminated. If you're getting your drinking or cooking water from a source that could possibly be contaminated, there are ultraviolet water-treatment systems that can kill the bacteria, or in a pinch, boiling the water for at least one minute will also kill contaminants.

谈到细菌污染物，瓶装水通常是安全的，但在2015年，Niagara品牌瓶装水发布了召回通知，因为它可能受到大肠杆菌污染，尽管没有报告患病。大肠杆菌感染的水的危险通常来自私人水井或直接饮用被污染的水体。如果你从可能被污染的水源获取饮用水或蒸煮用水，有紫外线水处理系统可以杀死细菌，或者在必要时，将水煮沸至少一分钟也可以杀死污染物。

Beef

牛肉

Cooking beef so it's well done can kill any E. coli contamination (Photo: Allen.G/Shutterstock)

In 2018, 7 tons of ground beef were recalled because of E. coli contamination. These bacteria commonly live in the digestive tracts of cows, whose meat may become infected during slaughtering and processing. Since E. coli in beef is fairly common, beef should be fully cooked before being consumed. That means a medium-rare cheeseburger, while delicious, may also be dangerous. To stay clear of E. coli poisoning from beef, burgers, steaks, roasts and other cuts of meat, they should be cooked to well-done. The U.S. Department of Agriculture recommends cooking beef to an internal temperature of 160 degrees Fahrenheit (71 Celsius).

2018年，7吨绞细牛肉因大肠杆菌污染被召回。这些细菌通常生活在牛的消化道，在屠宰和加工过程中，牛肉可能会受到感染。由于牛肉中的大肠杆菌相当普遍，所以牛肉在食用前应充分煮熟。这意味着，一个三分熟的奶酪汉堡虽然美味，但也可能是危险的。为了避免牛肉、汉堡、牛排、烤肉和其他肉类的大肠杆菌中毒，它们应该煮到熟透。美国农业部建议将牛肉烹调到内部温度为华氏160度(71摄氏度)。

Unpasteurized juice

未经高温消毒的果汁

Unpasteurized juice can be contaminated with E. coli. (Photo: baibaz/Shutterstock)

Pasteurization kills bacteria in juice (and in dairy and eggs), but fresh juice can have E. coli passed on from the fresh produce it was made from. In 2013, 13 people became ill from E. coli after drinking unpasteurized apple juice from High Hill Ranch in California. The one sure way to avoid E. coli in any juice is to make sure it's been pasteurized before drinking it.

巴氏灭菌法可以杀死果汁(以及奶制品和鸡蛋)中的细菌，但是新鲜果汁可能会有大肠杆菌从它的新鲜产品中传播。2013年，有13人在饮用了加州High Hill牧场未经高温消毒的苹果汁后感染了大肠杆菌。避免在果汁中出现大肠杆菌的一个可靠方法是在饮用之前确保它经过了巴氏消毒。

Deli meats

熟食肉类

Deli meat, especially if it's past its prime, can be a source of E. coli bacteria. (Photo: Elena Elesseeva/Shutterstock)

Deli slicers aren't typically cleaned between each use, given the impracticality of sterilizing them after every order. But, because of this, if one package of deli meat contains E. coli, the bacteria can spread to other meats prepared on the same slicer. While the risk from deli meats isn't as high as fresh produce or raw meats, a CBS News report indicates about half of locations visited by FDA inspectors didn't clean and sanitize their meat slicers as often as the FDA recommends.When buying deli meat, you might want to inquire about how often their slicers are cleaned. And discard of any sliced deli products that have been in your refrigerator for more than a few days. The longer they sit, the more the bacteria can grow.

熟食切片机一般不会在每次使用之间进行清洗，因为每次购买后都无法消毒。但是，正因为如此，如果一包熟食肉中含有大肠杆菌，细菌就会传播到同一切片机上的其他肉类上。虽然熟食肉类的风险不像新鲜农产品或生肉那么高，但哥伦比亚广播公司(CBS)的一篇新闻报道指出，FDA检查人员走访的约半数场所没有像FDA建议的那样经常清洗和消毒切片机。买熟食肉的时候，你可能想问问他们的切片机多久清洗一次。丢弃在冰箱里存放超过几天的切片熟食。它们停留的时间越长，细菌就能生长得越多。