为什么有些人对Covid-19的免疫抗体在短时间内就消失了?
Is it true that those who have contracted Covid-19 and are immune to this virus? If so, how long? An antibody study by the Helmholtz Institute will shed some light on this.
那些感染了Covid-19并对该病毒有免疫力的人，这是真的吗?如果有，多长时间?亥姆霍兹研究所的一项抗体研究将对此有所揭示。
After being infected - Corona will be immune - which is the hope of many people when the beginning of the pandemic - Covid-19. Even the whole concept of herd immunity is based on this notion. However, many studies show that antibodies exist only limited in the blood. What this means?
在感染后，冠状病毒将具有免疫力——这是许多人在Covid-19大流行开始时的希望。甚至整个群体免疫的概念都是基于这个。然而，许多研究表明，抗体只存在于血液中。这意味着什么呢?
During the corona pandemic many hope for immunity - after undergoing infection or through an upcoming vaccination. Both of these can help the immune system fight off pathogenic viruses and protect people from the risk of Covid-19 disease.
在冠状病毒大流行期间，许多人希望获得免疫——在感染后或通过即将进行的疫苗接种。这两种方法都可以帮助免疫系统抗击致病性病毒，保护人们免受Covid-19疾病的风险。
But many studies show that, in people with few or no symptoms at all, just a short time after being infected, the antibodies in the blood can no longer be found. It is not clear what this means for immunity.
但许多研究表明，在几乎没有症状或根本没有症状的人身上，在感染后很短时间内，血液中的抗体就再也找不到了。目前尚不清楚这对豁免意味着什么。
However, the observations give rise to suspicion of antibody tests and the current controversy over immunological certifications. Even the development of vaccines needs to understand the immunity to Sars-CoV-2.
然而，这些观察引起了对抗体测试的怀疑和目前对免疫学认证的争议。即使是疫苗的开发也需要了解对Sars-CoV-2的免疫力。
Immune reactions do not seem to be consistent in everyone. Basically the immune system reacts to the so-called T-cells in disease-causing organisms. Some -T cells activate B-cells, then produce antibodies. Antibodies bind to certain traits of an infected animal and can inactivate them.
免疫反应似乎在每个人身上都不一致。基本上，免疫系统会对病原体中的t细胞产生反应。一些-T细胞激活b细胞，然后产生抗体。抗体与受感染动物的某些特性结合并能使其失去活性。
In mild cases, it is difficult to detect Covid 19 antibodies quickly
在轻度病例中，很难快速检测到Covid 19抗体
At first glance, the presence of special antibodies is a good sign of the previous infection. However, a study by Zürich University hospital in people with mild or asymptomatic disease progression did not show the so-called IgG-antibody in the blood.
乍一看，特殊抗体的存在是以前感染的良好迹象。然而，苏黎世大学医院的一项研究表明，轻度或无症状疾病进展的患者血液中没有显示所谓的IgG抗体。
This is important for immune memory - whereby the immune system is exposed to the pathogen again and more quickly. The study so far is only a preprint - that is, it has not been tested or published by a specialist in a thematic journal.
这对免疫记忆很重要，因为免疫系统可以更快地再次接触到病原体。到目前为止，这项研究只是一份预印本——也就是说，它还没有经过专家的测试或在主题期刊上发表。
Another study published by the Lübeck health agency is also considered a preprint according to which 30% of the 110 people infected with Corona also have moderate symptoms of Covid-19 and no antibodies. In the journal Nature Medicine, Chinese researchers said that those infected without symptoms, the antibody concentration in the blood after only a short time has decreased significantly.
吕贝克卫生机构发表的另一项研究也被认为是预印本，根据该研究，110名冠状病毒感染者中有30%也有Covid-19的中度症状，且无抗体。在《自然医学》杂志上，中国研究人员说，那些感染后没有症状的人，血液中的抗体浓度在短时间内就已经显著下降。
Covid 19 suspicious immune certificate
Covid 19可疑免疫证书
From what should be on Thomas Jacobs of the Bernhard-Nocht Institute in Hamburg on tropical medicine (BNITM) is skeptical about granting immune certificates to people who have been infected with Sars-CoV-2. There is nothing scientifically proven that the presence of antibodies in itself can protect against a new infection.
汉堡Bernhard-Nocht热带医学研究所的托马斯·雅各布斯对向感染Sars-CoV-2的人颁发免疫证书持怀疑态度。没有任何科学证据证明，抗体本身的存在可以防止新的感染。
Klaus, president of the Paul-Ehrlich Institute (PEI), emphasized that it is necessary to distinguish antibodies: "The types of antibodies differ in quality and not all can hinder infection." It is important to find hard data: Whether or not to form an immunity, this must be measured in practice.
Paul-Ehrlich研究所所长克劳斯强调区分抗体是必要的:“抗体的类型在质量上不同，并不是所有的抗体都能阻止感染。”重要的是要找到确凿的数据:无论是否形成免疫，都必须在实践中加以衡量。
The truth about the Covid-19 immune system
Covid-19免疫系统的真相
This adaptive immune system makes sense, because in everyday life we are often exposed to germs. If we can respond with light weapons, then there's no need to bring cannons to fight.
这种适应性免疫系统是有意义的，因为在日常生活中我们经常暴露在细菌中。如果我们能用轻武器反击，那么就没有必要用大炮来战斗了。
In the case of severe illness due to Covid-19, it is likely that the disease here has formed a long-term protection and protection mechanism.
在因Covid-19引起的严重疾病中，这里的疾病可能已经形成了长期的保护和保护机制。
There may be partial immunity of Covid 19
Covid 19可能有部分免疫
In this regard, the infection researcher has taken note of studies conducted in the United States and Germany: up to 30% of people who are not infected with Sars-CoV-2, but some certain T-helper cells, which respond to this virus: "They may have been exposed to the so-called Common-Cold-Coronaviren" - that is, to other types of virus which causes the common cold.
在这方面,感染研究者注意到研究在美国和德国:高达30%的人没有感染Sars-CoV-2,但某些辅助细胞,应对这种病毒:“这些熊可能已经暴露在所谓Common-Cold-Coronaviren”——也就是说,与其他类型的病毒引起感冒。
Such exposure may produce a partial immunization against Covid-19. This explains why, when infected, there are differences in motivation and symptoms, Jacobs conjectures. It remains unclear how this protection and reactivation of this T-cell functions.
这种接触可能产生对Covid-19的部分免疫。雅各布斯推测，这解释了为什么在感染时，动机和症状会有所不同。目前还不清楚这种保护和激活t细胞的功能。
