交通的碳足迹是多少?
The statistician and engineer W. Edwards Deming once said “In God we trust. All others must bring data.” Some of the best data come from the Our World in Data team at Oxford University. Their latest looks at what form of transport has the smallest carbon footprint.
统计学家兼工程师w·爱德华兹·戴明曾说过:“我们相信上帝。”其他所有人必须携带数据。“一些最好的数据来自牛津大学的‘我们的世界数据团队’。他们最近研究了哪种交通方式的碳排放量最小。
Big personal vehicles have the highest carbon footprint.Lloyd Alter
Probably to no one's surprise, driving a big car is the worst. The data are all from the UK, so we are probably talking Land Rover here. The next worst way to travel is a short domestic flight. "This is because take-off requires much more energy input than the ‘cruise’ phase of a flight. So, for very short flights, this extra fuel needed for take-off is large compared to the more efficient cruise phase of the journey."
也许没有人会感到惊讶，开一辆大型汽车是最糟糕的。数据都来自英国，所以我们说的可能是路虎。第二糟糕的旅行方式是国内短途飞行。“这是因为起飞比飞行的‘巡航’阶段需要更多的能量输入。所以，对于非常短的飞行来说，起飞所需的额外燃料比旅程中更高效的巡航阶段要多得多。”
CC Our World In Data
Long-haul flights in the economy section don't look that bad in terms of carbon per kilometer, but of course, one is traveling a much longer distance.
从每公里碳排放的角度来看，经济舱的长途飞行看起来并没有那么糟糕，但当然，长途飞行的距离要远得多。
The first important question this chart raises is, why do we have big cars and short flights? The large car has almost double the footprint of a small one, and we are not even talking about the embodied carbon from making the thing, we are simply talking about fuel consumption. And look at the difference between national rail and domestic flight; both are covering the same ground, but one has six times the footprint of the other.
这张图表提出的第一个重要问题是，为什么我们有大汽车和短途航班?大型汽车的碳足迹几乎是小型汽车的两倍，我们甚至不是在谈论制造这种东西所包含的碳，我们只是在谈论燃料消耗。看看国家铁路和国内航班的区别;它们都覆盖着相同的地面，但其中一个的面积是另一个的六倍。
OXFAM
From the Oxfam Carbon Equity study, we also know who is driving the Land Rovers and taking those short flights; mostly the top 10%, the wealthy. They are incentivized to spend more money to consume more energy, and they do, because as economist Robert Ayers noted, "the economic system is essentially a system for extracting, processing and transforming energy as resources into energy embodied in products and services."
从乐施会的碳公平研究中，我们也知道是谁在驾驶路虎并进行短途飞行;主要是前10%的富人。他们被鼓励花更多的钱来消费更多的能源，他们确实这样做了，因为正如经济学家罗伯特·艾尔斯指出的那样，“经济体系本质上是一个提取、加工和将能源作为资源转化为体现在产品和服务中的能源的体系。”
What About Bikes?
自行车怎么样?
Bikes in Copenhagen. Lloyd Alter
Also interesting is that bikes and e-bikes are not included in the chart or in the options. (You can click on +add travel mode on the actual chart and pick your own mode of transport, but bikes aren't there.) But they do mention them in the copy:
同样有趣的是，自行车和电动自行车不包括在图表或选项中。(你可以在实际图表上点击+添加旅行模式，选择你自己的交通方式，但没有自行车。)但他们确实在副本中提到了:
"Over short to medium distances, walking or cycling are nearly always the lowest carbon way to travel. While not in the chart, the carbon footprint of cycling one kilometer is usually in the range of 16 to 50 grams CO2eq per km depending on how efficiently you cycle and what you eat."
“在中短途，步行或骑自行车几乎总是碳排放最低的出行方式。骑车一公里的碳足迹通常在每公里16到50克二氧化碳，这取决于你骑车的效率和你吃的食物。”
The top number there is higher than rail or a small electric vehicle, which seems odd. In the footnotes, they explain:
最高的数字比铁路或小型电动汽车还要高，这似乎有些奇怪。在脚注中，他们解释说:
"Finding a figure for the carbon footprint of cycling seems like it should be straightforward, but it can vary quite a lot. It depends on a number of factors: what size you are (bigger people tend to burn more energy cycling); how fit you are (fitter people are more efficient); the type of bike you’re pedalling; and what you eat (if you eat a primarily plant-based diet, the emissions are likely to be lower than if you get most of your calories from cheeseburgers and milk). People often also raise the question of whether you actually eat more if you cycle to work rather than driving i.e. whether those calories are actually ‘additional’ to your normal diet."
“找到骑行过程中的碳足迹数据似乎很简单，但实际情况可能会有很大不同。这取决于很多因素:你的体型(体型大的人在骑行过程中消耗的能量更多);你有多健康(健康的人效率更高);你骑的是哪种自行车;还有你吃什么(如果你主要吃植物性饮食，所排放的热量可能比你从奶酪汉堡和牛奶中获取的要低)。人们还经常会问，如果你骑车上班，是不是比开车上班吃得更多，也就是说，这些卡路里是否真的会‘额外’到你的正常饮食中。”
