1. [词海垂钓] 从词典中“钓”出一串同根词吧。
① trans-(=across)
② e-(ex-)
③ retro-(=backwards)
2. [举一反三]根据已知单词的词义推断出其同根词的词义。
progress进步 v.→① progressive a.
→② progressist n.
→③ progressional a.
3. [由此及彼]根据已知单词的词义推断出其同根词的词义。
① downgrade v.降低等级→upgrade v.
② postgraduate n.研究生→undergraduate n.(提示:post-=after)
③ aggression n.侵略→nonaggression n.(提示:non-=not)
4. [同义相连]将左栏中的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。
① gradient a.阶梯的一级
② gradin b.倾斜计
③ grader c.把东西分类别的人
④ gradiometer d.坡度;斜度
⑤ gradation e.等级;级别
5. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① aggrade v.(使)加积;(使)填积
② aggradation n.加积;填积
③ ingress n.进入;入境权 v.进入
④ ingressive a.进入的;(发音)吸气的
⑤ gravigrade a.步伐笨重的 n.(大象等)动作笨拙的动物
6. [节外生枝] grad还有两个异体gred和gree,主要的派生词有:
① ingredient n.成分;原料;要素,因素
② degree n.级;程度;阶段;学位
43. gram [GK]=written character书写符号
在grammar,gramophone,program,telegram中,词根gram来自希腊名词gramme,意为written or recorded character(书写或记录符号),尤指letter of alphabet(字母)。
grammar [gramm=letter字母,文字;-ar n.=thing物→“art of letters文字的技巧”→] n. art or science dealing with the right use of a language文法,语法:English grammar英语语法
▽grammarian [grammar;-ian n.] n.语法学家
grammatical [gramma(r);-tical a.] a.语法的
gramophone [gram=thing for recording记录用的东西;-o-;phon=sound声音;-e→“tool for recording sound记录声音的工具”→] n. instrument for reproduction of recorded sound in a disc 留声机:a gramophone record唱片
program [pro-=forward, beforehand向前,事先;gram=letter字母,文字→“letters written beforehand事先写好的文字”→] n. paper giving a scheme of events beforehand, especially in an entertainment, conference, course of study节目单;方案;大纲:program of concert音乐会节目单
▽programmer [program(m);-er n.] n.计划者;程序编制员
programmatic [program(m);-atic a.] a.纲领性的
telegram [tele-=distant远的;gram=letter字母,文字→“letters sent to a distant place送往远方的文字”→] n. message sent by telegraph电报:urgent telegram急电
diagram [dia-=through, across穿过;gram=thing written, or figure书写的东西,图形→“figure made of lines going across it由穿行其间的线条构成的图形”→] n. figure by lines drawn to explain an idea图表,图解:a diagram showing daily production表示日产量的图表
▽diagrammatic [diagram(m);-atic a.] a.图表的
phonogram [phon=sound声音;-o-;gram=written character书写符号→] n. character representing a sound表音符号;音标
cryptogram [crypt=hidden隐密的;-o-;gram=letter字母,文字→“hidden letters隐密的文字”→] n. anything written in cipher密码文,暗记:numerical cryptograms数字密码文
▽cryptogrammic [cryptogram(m);-ic a.] a.密码的,暗记的
dactylogram [dactyl=finger手指;-o-;gram=thing recorded,or print记录下的东西,印记→] n. fingerprint指纹:the dactylograms of a criminal罪犯的指纹