1. [词根辨识] medi很容易与medic(医学的,医药的)相混淆。在下列单词中,有三个medi的派生词,把它们找出来。
medicine medicative medicament
medication medial intermediary
mediacy medicable medical
2. [举一反三]根据已知单词的词义推断出其同根词的词义。
intermediate v.作中人;调解→① intermediation n.
→② intermediator n.
→③ intermedium n.
3. [由此及彼]根据已知单词的词义推断出其同根词的词义。
① mediator n.调停者→mediatress n.
② mediator n.调停者→mediatory a.
4. [望文生义]在midnight中,前缀mid-和词根medi是同源同义的。下面是一些含有mid-的单词。你能“望文生义”吗?
midbrain midland midmost midship
midstream midsummer midtown midway
midwife midweek midwinter midyear
5. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① medius n.中指
② media n.血管中层
③ mediastinum n.(胸腔)纵膈
④ medial a.中间的;中央的;平均的
⑤ mediant n. [音乐]中音
⑥ intermedium n.媒体;媒介
⑦ meddle v.干涉
intermeddle v.干涉;管闲事(提示:med=medi)
57. min [L]=smaller, less较小,较少
从表面上看,单词minute,minus,minority和minister相差很远,实际上却是同根词。它们的词根来自拉丁形容词minor,意思为smaller(较小的)或less(较少的)。这个形容词还直接被引进英语,成为意义相同的英语单词minor(较小的,少数的)。
minute1 [min=smaller较小的;-ute n.=thing事物→“smaller unit of time than the basic unit hour比小时低一级的时间单位”→] n. sixtieth part of an hour 一分钟:five minutes五分钟
minute2 [min=smaller较小的;-ute a.=being ……的→“being smaller than anything concerned比任何参照物都小的”→] a.① very small微小的:minute improvement微小的改进②giving attention to the smallest points;very careful and exact详细的;细致的:minute description细致的描写
▽minutia [minut (e) a.;-ia n.] n.细节;小节
minus [直接来自minor的中性形式minus=less更少的→]Ⅰ a. less than zero, or negative小于零的,负的:a minus quantity负数→Ⅱ prep. being less by减去:Five minus two is three.五减二等于三。
minority [minor=smaller较小的;-ity n.=the quality表示性质→“smaller quantity较小的数量”→] n.① smaller number, or smaller part少数;少数派:the minority in a vote选举中的少数派② smaller racial group in a community少数民族:The Indians become a minority in the United States now.现在印第安人变成美国的少数民族了。
minister [mini=less important or inferior次要的,低下的;-ster n.=person人→“person in an inferior position, or servant身份卑下的人,仆人”→“person serving the country and inferior to the head of state地位次于元首的公仆”→] n. person in charge of a department in a government大臣;部长:prime minister首相;总理→Ⅱv. act as servant 服务;伺候:It's our duty to minister to an old man's wants.照顾老人是我们的责任。
▽ministry [minist (e) r n.;-y n.] n.政府的部;内阁
ministerial [minister n.;-ial a.] a.部长的;部的
ministrant [minist (e) r v.;-ant a./n.] a.服侍的 n.服侍者
diminish [di-(dis-)=apart离去;min=less较少的;-ish v.=to make使……→] v. make less by taking apart使减少:The illness diminished his strength.这场病使他衰弱无力。
▽diminishable [diminish;-able a.] a.可缩减的
adiminister [ad-=to对;minister v.=to give service, or to perform duties服务,执行→“to perform duties to热行……的职责”→] v. govern;manage执行;管理:The courts administer the law.法院执行法律。
▽administration [administ(e)r;-ation n.] n.管理;行政
administrative [administ(e)r;-ative a.] a.行政的;管理的
administrator [administ(e)r;-ator n.] n.行政官员;管理人
ministration [minist(e)r v.=to give service服务;-ation n.=the act表行为→] n. giving service or help to those in need服侍;帮助:The patient soon recovered under the tender ministrations of the nurses.在护士们的精心护理下,病人很快康复了。