1. [词根辨识]指出下列单词中哪些是mort(死)的同根词.
① mort n. [英]大量,许多
② mortadella n. [意]摩泰台拉香肚
③ mortar n.沙浆;胶泥;[军]迫击炮
④ mortise n. [建]榫眼 v.用榫接合
⑤ mortlake n. [地]弓形湖
⑥ mortmain n.(教会、社团等的)永久管业;旧势力
2. [望文生义]根据所学词根的知识推测下列单词的词义。
① immortalization n.
② nonmortal a.
③ mortally ad.
3. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① mort n.(狩猎号角所报的)猎物死亡信号
② mortling n.死羊皮板毛
③ mortiferous a.致命的
④ amort a.无生命力的;无精打采的(a-=ad-)
⑤ amortise v.(以积存基金等)分期偿还(a-=ad-)
⑥ immortelle n.不凋花
⑦ premortal a.临死之前的
4. [节外生枝] mor来自拉丁动词mor,i意为to die,与mort有同源关系以下是mor的同根词。
① moribund a.垂死的;行将灭亡的
② morbid a.病的;致病的
morbidity n.发病;病态
60. mov, mot, mob [L]=to move运动
常用词move(运动)的词根是mov,它源于拉丁动词movere。mov有个同源异形根mot,它来自movere的动名词词干。mob是movere的形容词性分词的词干,基本含义也是to move。
move [mov=to move移动;-e→] v.① change place or position移动:Don't move or I'll shoot.不许动,不然开枪了。② make somebody feel strong feelings感动:I was deeply moved by their story.我被他们的故事所深深感动。
▽movable [mov(e);-able a.] a.可移动的
remove [re-=back, away回,离;mov=to move移动;-e→“to move back or away from a certain place从某个地点移走”→] v.① take away移走,搬开:Please remove the extra chairs.请把多余的椅子搬走。② go to live in another place搬家,迁移:My family has removed to the countryside.我家搬到乡下去了。
▽removal [remov(e);-al n.] n.移动;迁居;调动
removable [remov(e);-able a.] a.可移动的
remote [re-=back, away回,离;mot=to move移动;-e→“being moved back or away from a certain place 从某地移走的”→] a. located far away from a certain place;distant远离某地的;遥远的:The city is remote from the sea.城市离海边很远。
emotion [e-(ex-)=out外;mot=to move移动;-ion n.=the act表行为→“moving out of one's feeling感情的外移”→] n. strong surge of feelingthat is expressed outward 外露的激情;冲动:Hate is a powerful emotion.憎恨是一种强烈的感情。
▽emotional [emotion;-al a.] a.感情上的;激动的
promote [pro-=forward向前;mot=to move移动;-e→“to move forward使向前移动”→] v.① help (something) in progress or growth促进;助长:to promote popular education促进平民教育② advance (some-body) in rank or positon提升,提拔:He is promoted to the rank of first mate.他被提升为大副。
▽promotion [promot(e);-ion n.] n.促进;发扬;提升
promotive [promot(e);-ive a.] a.促进性的;宣传的
demote [de-=dwon下;mot=to move移动;-e→“to move down向下移动”→] v. bring lower in rank 降级:The officers concerned were all demoted.有关的官员全都降了级。
▽demotion [demot(e);-ion n.] n.降级
motive [mot=to move运动;-ive a.=able to能……的→“able to move能使运动的”→]Ⅰa. causing movement发动的,运动的:motive power动力→Ⅱn. cause or reason for movement 动机:the unity of motive and effect动机和效果的统一
▽motivity [motiv(e) a.;-ity n.] n.发动力;原动力
motivate [motiv(e) a.;-ate a.] v.促动;激发
commotion [com-=violently激烈地(加强词义);mot=to move运动;-ion n.=the act or state 表行为或状态→“the act or state of moving violently激烈的运动”→] n. violent and noisy movement; great and noisy excitement混乱;骚动:The commotion in the classroom was heard in the office.教室里一片混乱的声音,在办公室里也听得见。
以下介绍的是同源异形根mob的常见派生词。
mobile [mob=to move运动;-ile a.=able to可……的→] a.① able to move, or able to be moved可动的;运动的:mobile warfare运动战② movable流动的:a mobile medical team巡回医疗队③ not fixed活动的:a mobile chair折椅
▽mobility [mobil(e);-ity n.] n.运动性;机动性;流动性
mobilize [mobil (e) a.可动的,活动的;-ize v.=to make使……→] v.①make mobile or movable使可动;使活动:The doctor mobilized my stiff elbow joint.医生使我那僵硬的肘关节活动起来。② call (troops) into active service动员(军队):The army and navy have been mobilized.陆军和海军已经动员了。
▽mobilization [mobiliz(e);-ation n.] n.活动;动员
mobilizable [mobiliz(e);-able n.] a.可动员的
demobilize [de-=to undo that of做与……相反的行为;mobilize v.动员→“to undo that of mobilizing troops做与动员军队相反之事”→] v. send (soldiers) back from the army to peacetime life使(军人)复员:He was demobilized after the war.战后他复员了。
▽demobilization [demobiliz(e);-ation n.] n.复员;遣散