[00:00.00] CHAPTER 14 SOCIAL RELATIONS
[00:13.87]Unit 14 Social Relations
[00:20.51]Conversations
[00:24.03]part 1
[00:27.69]Part is talking about the family reunion with Alice.
[00:34.25]Park:My parents told me my uncles and aunts are planning a big family reunion in London this spring.
[00:43.10]Alice:Are you going to the reunion?
[00:47.05]Park:You bet.All my uncles and aunts will take their children along,too.
[00:53.52]So I'll meet many cousins there.
[00:57.89]Alice:How nice!But why London?
[01:02.56]Park:Because two of my aunts are Englishwomen.
[01:07.11]They met and got married to my uncles in London.
[01:11.97]Some of their relatives are still living there.
[01:16.64]Alice:Have you ever been to London before?
[01:20.90]Park:No.As a matter of fact,I've never traveled outside this country.
[01:27.38]I'm very excited about it.I can't wait.
[01:32.71]Alice:My parents are going to take me to go on a trip to Tokyo next month
[01:39.06]but I've been there twice already.
[01:43.92]part 2
[01:47.26]Old friends meet in the restaurant.
[01:52.09]Ted:It's good to see you again.You are an engineer,arn't you?
[01:58.62]Did you stay in New York after you left the university?
[02:04.19]Arthur:No,I worked in Canada for two years.It's a good place.
[02:11.13]Ted:That sounds interesting,but I'm sure you are glad to be back.
[02:17.48]What have you been doing since you came back?
[02:22.34]Arthur:I've been seeing old friends,visiting my family,
[02:28.79]buying things for my new flat and just having a holiday.
[02:35.45]Ted:Haven't you got another job?
[02:39.82]Arthur:Yes,I started a week ago.But what about you?
[02:46.06]Ted:I've got a job in a company that sells office equipment-
[02:52.23]paper,typewriters-you know the sort of thing.
[02:57.37]It may sound rather dull,
[03:01.42]but I'm a salesman and I've been traveling all over Europe for the last two years.
[03:08.40]I'm still traveling and still selling.I like working abroad.
[03:14.56]part 3
[03:18.40]At a social gathering.
[03:22.06]Mrs.West:Mr.and Mrs.Rice,oh,I'M delighted you could come.
[03:28.82]I've been looking forward to meeting you.I've heard so much about you.
[03:36.40]Mrs.Rice:Oh,Mrs.West,it's really a great pleasure for us to be here.
[03:42.85]Mr.Rice:It's so nice to meet you.
[03:46.90]Mrs.West:Let me introduce you.This is Andrew White.
[03:45.90]Andrew,this is Rice.And Ann,his wife.
[03:51.54]Andrew:Oh,Mrs.Rice.How exciting!You've just moved here,haven't you?
[03:58.80]Mrs.Rice:Yes,that's right.
[04:02.28]Andrew:I just loved your latest fashion show.I found it absolutely fascinating.
[04:09.64]Mrs.West:So well done.You've certainly got a fantastic imagination.
[04:16.20]Mrs.Rice:Thank you.I'm glad you said that.
[04:20.64]Passage
[04:23.70]US-Japan Relation
[04:28.45]In Tokyo some years ago,
[04:32.71]a Japanese camera maker sought to explain why Japanese were such eager photographers:
[04:41.17]Cameras were among the first luxuries that Japanese could have after Word War II:
[04:48.93]They were very cheap;the quality was competitive.
[04:54.81]Then he became a bit philosophical:
[04:59.85]"You must understand that we Japanese want to have a record of everytint
[05:07.40]marriage,children,sightseeing,even funerals.
[05:14.04]We like to look back and that's part of what makes us different from Americans."
[05:21.09]"For you Americans,"he said,"tomorrow is more important than yesterday.
[05:29.55]You Americans,you always look ahead;you never look back."
[05:36.63]That remark helps to explain the remarkable relations between Japan and America
[05:44.39]since the San Francisco Peace Treaty was signed
[05:49.43]to bring a formal end to World War II.
[05:53.98]The 50th anniversary of that treaty
[05:59.02]was celebrated in San Francisco last year with Secretary fo State Colin Powell
[06:06.96]and Foreign Minister Makiko Tanaka leading the American and Japanese delegations.
[06:15.71]A half-century ago,
[06:19.47]it was easier for the victorious Americans to put the war behind them
[06:26.13]and to look ahead,
[06:29.37]but that doesn't explain how blood enemies became allies.
[06:36.22]Nor does it provide a reason for that alliance enduring through economic quarrels,
[06:43.58]deepo differences over security and most of all,
[06:49.51]between peoples so distinctly different.
[06:54.58]The treaty itself was a starting point,
[06:59.83]especially compared to the Treaty of Versailles after World War I.
[07:06.10]Versailles sought to punish Germany,especially in economies.
[07:13.23]That led to the failure of the Weimar Republic and the rise of Adolf Hitler;
[07:20.78]20 years later,Europe was in World War II.
[07:26.66]In contrast,San Francisco stripped Japan of its colonial empire
[07:34.31]and armed forces but sought to cultivate reform in the nation's politics,
[07:42.05]to rebuild its economy and standard of living,
[07:47.51]and to bring Japan back into the community of nations.
[07:53.78]Keeping Japan on the US side during the early days of the Cold War was part,
[08:01.72]but not all,of the American motive.
[08:06.16]The five decades of good relation between the two countries
[08:11.80]is strikng in the world today,
[08:15.85]when there are so many quarrels and hate between countries,peoples and religions.
[08:24.21]Japanese beliveve in Buddhism while Americans are Christians.
[08:31.16]Japanese are far less diverese than Americans.
[08:37.09]Japanese take pride in social harmony,Americans in individuality.
[08:44.84]Japanese look to their obligations,Americans to their rights.
[08:52.21]Japanese seek agreement in making decisions,
[08:57.88]Americans decide in an adversarial fashion.
[09:03.52]Why,then,a half-century of alliance?
[09:09.77]The reasons are partly idealistic but mostly pragmatic.
[09:16.04]Japanese share the principles of democracy
[09:21.36]even if they practice it quite differently.
[09:26.61]Culturally many Japanese are intrigued by the art,
[09:32.57]music and some of the lifestyles of Americans.
[09:38.21]A smaller number of Americans are drawn by what they consider to be
[09:45.19]the exotic nature of Japan.
[09:49.73]In addition,they share a drive for prosperity
[09:54.91]and rising standard of living and Japan rely on America in security matters.
[10:02.45]Now Japanese and Americans have gotten along,traveled,
[10:09.12]studied and done business in each other's countries,
[10:14.55]forming close personal relationships.
[10:19.38]Words and Expressions
[10:23.43]cometitve philosophical sightseeing funeral
[10:27.01]有竞争力的 哲学的 观光 葬礼
[10:30.59]look ahead remark remarkable treaty
[10:34.13]向前看 评论，意见 值得注意的， 条约
[10:37.67]anniversary delegation victorious ally
[10:41.30]周年 代表团 胜利的 盟国
[10:44.93]alliance endure strip...of... colonial
[10:48.80]联盟 忍受;持续 剥夺 殖民地的
[10:52.66]empire cultivate reform community
[10:56.14]帝国 培养，培育 改革 团体;社会
[10:59.61]motive striking religion Buddhism
[11:02.99]动机，目的 惊人的 宗教 佛教
[11:06.38]Christian diverse take pride in individuality
[11:10.10]基督教徒 多样化的 以。。。为骄傲 个性
[11:13.82]obligation adversarial fashion idealistic
[11:17.65]义务 对抗性的 形式 意识形态的
[11:21.47]pragmatic democracy intrigued exotic
[11:24.96]实际的;实用主义的 民主 着迷的 外来的
[11:28.45]prosperity security
[11:30.67]繁荣 安全
[11:32.89]Exercises
[11:36.44]Section I Listening Comprehension
[11:41.59]Listen to the record.
[11:45.66]Answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D from the four possible choices.
[11:55.02]A 1.W:What about going to my hometown to have a good summer holiday?
[12:02.67]M:Oh,wonderful,and I'll see the beautiful hills again.
[12:08.31]2.M:If you're introduced to a friend's wife,what would you do?
[12:14.97]W:Ah,if I call that friend by his first name,and then meet his wife,
[12:22.84]I'll probably start out calling his wife"Mrs"
[12:29.00]3.M:Would you like to go on a tour with us on Friday?
[12:35.06]W:I would enjoy that very much if I didn't have to take an exam on Saturday.
[12:42.92]I think I'd better stay at home and study.
[12:47.47]4.M:I don't think having big parties is a mistake.I like big parties.
[12:56.25]I think we should pay back our friends who have invited us to their parties.
[13:02.70]W:But big parties are so impersonal.
[13:08.26]I think we should have several small ones instead.
[13:14.11]M:My parents told me my uncles and aunts are planning a big family reunion in London this spring.
[13:23.57]W:Are you going to the reunion?
[13:27.33]M:You bet.
[13:30.57]6.M:I've never been to London before.
[13:36.92]I am very excited about it.I can't wait.
[13:41.67]W:My parents are going to take me to go on a trip to Tokyo next month,
[13:48.62]but I've been there twice already.
[13:53.38]7.W:It's good to see you again.You are an engineer,aren't you?
[14:01.74]Did you stay in New York after you left the university?
[14:07.38]M:No,I worked in Canada for two years.It's a good place.
[14:13.65]B M:Hello,what's your name?
[14:18.90]W:Me?I'm Lois.Lois Pace.
[14:23.97]M:Do you live around here?
[14:27.13]W:No.I liven in Pine Park.
[14:31.18]M:Oh,how nice!I also live in Pine Park.I'm Wayne Smith,by the way.
[14:38.54]W:Nice to meet you.
[14:42.07]M:What brings you down here,Lois?
[14:45.52]W:Lucy's an old friend fo mine.What about you?
[14:50.87]M:Oh,you know,different things.But I want to hear about you.
[14:56.44]Tell me about yourself,please.
[15:00.51]W:Well...
[15:03.67]M:Your dress is beautiful.I like it.
[15:07.33]W:Thank you.
[15:10.57]M:You know.When I saw you from the other side of the room,
[15:15.22]I thought“that girl's really got class."
[15:20.08]W:Thank you.
[15:23.13]M:Eh,Lois,can I get you a drink?
[15:27.29]W:No,thanks.Not for the moment.
[15:31.36]M:Look.Lois,why don't we go some place quiet and have dinner together?
[15:37.61]W:What?But excuse me,sir.Here comes my husband.It's a pleasure meeting you.
[15:45.15]C It's never easy to admit you are wrong.
[15:51.79]Being human,we all need to know the art of apologizing.
[15:58.03]Look back with honesty and think how often you've judged roughly,
[16:04.38]said unkind things,pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend.
[16:10.76]Then count the occasions when you indicated clearly and truly that you were sorry.
[16:18.12]A bit frightenig,isn't it?
[16:21.67]Frightening because some deep wisdom in us
[16:26.53]knows that when even a small wrong has been committed,
[16:31.50]some mysterious moral feeling is disturbed;
[16:36.85]and it stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and regret expressed.
[16:44.01]I remember a doctor friend Clarence Lieb,
[16:49.26]telling me about a man who came to him with a variety of signs:
[16:55.32]headaches,insomnia and stomach trouble.No physical cause could be found.
[17:03.26]Finally Dr.Lieb said to the man,
[17:07.70]"unless you tell me what's worrying you,I can't help you."
[17:13.76]After some hesitation,the man confessed that,as executor of his father's will,
[17:22.12]he had been cheating his brother,who lived abroad,of his inheritance.
[17:28.47]Then and there the wise old doctor made the man write to his brother
[17:34.74]asking forgiveness and enclosing a cheque as the first step in restoring their good relation.
[17:42.89]He then went with him to the mail box in the corridor.
[17:47.93]As the letter disappeared,the man burst into tears.
[17:53.57]"Thank you,"he said."I think I'm cured."And he was.
[18:00.13]A heartfelt apology can not only heal a damaged ralationship
[18:07.18]but also make it stronger.
[18:11.05]If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you,
[18:16.69]someone you have wronged,or judged too roughly,
[18:21.45]or just neglected,do something about it right now.
[18:26.91]Supplementary Reading
[18:31.45]Norwegians and the Nature
[18:36.31]In the unconscious of a traveler,
[18:40.88]Norway evokes a concept of an extreme land,of absolute north.
[18:48.33]The extreme north of Europe is known as Lapland,
[18:54.39]a land that straddles the Norwegian borders
[18:59.74]to include the northern part of Scandinavia and a small portion of Russia.
[19:06.59]The native population is the"Sami"who live traditionally on hunting and fishing,
[19:14.76]in symbiosis,even if nowadays in a technological versions,with their environment.
[19:23.83]The capital of Norway,Oslo,has a population of barely half a million.
[19:31.98]The city ensures the necessary administrative and cultural cohesion of people
[19:39.73]who have a very strong sense of harmony with the nature,
[19:45.61]born in their distant viking past and proudly cultivated throughout the years.
[19:53.55]The Holmenkollen ski-jumping board is one of the most famous symbols of Oslo.
[20:01.49]Norwegians'relationship with skis goes very far back in time:
[20:08.97]indeed it is not improbable
[20:13.69]that even the vikings traversed Scandinavia on these wooden slats.
[20:20.54]The fundamental relationship that Norwegians have with nature
[20:26.99]makes them open and uninhibited with respect to nudity.
[20:33.23]Here,the human body is displayed with spontaneity and directness,
[20:40.39]like one of the many natural elements that blend in with the landscape.
[20:46.63]In front of the square of the City Hall,the quay that overlooks the fjord
[20:54.68]the Aker Brygge-has been attractively restructured and turned into a walk,
[21:02.05]a shopping centre and an entertainment area.
[21:07.79]But the grand spectacle is still the beating of the waves of the sea
[21:14.56]and the boats bathed in the golden light of the summer.
[21:20.20]Another look at the fortress of Akershus,
[21:25.84]which once again demonstrates the harmony of the city with nature,
[21:32.09]is all the more worthwhile.
[21:36.45]The itinerary from north to south is a compendium of Nowrwegian nature:
[21:44.03]thundering water-falls,rushing mountain streams and roads that run along glaciers,
[21:52.99]after having gone through dense pine forests and coastal lakes and fjord.
[22:00.43]The interior of the country is incredibly rugged
[22:06.07]and almost one third of it is couvered with trees.
[22:11.35]Despite its northern latitude,
[22:16.03]the Norwegian climate is essentially mnaritime and damp,
[22:22.27]because it is influeced by the mitigating action of the warm Gulf Stream,
[22:29.03]originating from the Gulf of Mexico,
[22:33.71]which flows up the coast preventing the formation of sea ice.
[22:40.66]Bergen,a port lying in the southeast of the country,
[22:46.90]is crowede with brightly coloured houses,
[22:52.26]which belongs to German traders of the powerful Hanseatic League.
[22:59.02]Despite sevewral fires,the area maintains the atmosphere of the"old port"
[23:06.68]and commercial city from the Middle ages.
[23:12.11]UNESCO recently declared it a world heritage site
[23:18.46]and inclueded it on the list of monuments that are to be preserved.
[23:24.94]There is a large park in the centre of Bergen
[23:29.90]which is taken up almost completely by an octagonal lake,
[23:35.96]around which,lie some of the principal museums in the city.
[23:41.81]The Hakonshallen,the most beautiful monument in the city,
[23:48.45]lies within the walls of Bergen's fortress.
[23:53.70]The great 13th century Gothic hall
[23:58.74]was buitlt for the parties and the rceptinons in the days
[24:04.17]of the city's control over trade in the North Sea.
[24:09.14]You get the best view over Bergen,
[24:14.10]the fijord and the surrounding pine-covered mountains from the Belvedere.
[24:20.55]It's easy to admire Norwegians for their unique way of respecting the nature!
[24:28.21]From north to south,from Lapland to Osl and Bergen,
[24:34.58]Norwegian people have conviced us,with time,that human beings,
[24:42.02]as the most advanced yet most vulnerable in the grand family of nature,
[24:49.68]can live in harmony with all its other members.
