[00:00.00]Unit 5 Text A
[00:02.14]第五单元 课文A
[00:04.28]Fallacies about Food
[00:06.50]关于食品的错误观点
[00:08.72]Many primitive peoples believed
[00:11.05]很多原始人相信，
[00:13.37]that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.
[00:17.45]动物就可以获得这种动物的某些长处。
[00:21.52]They thought, for example,
[00:23.44]比如，他们认为，
[00:25.36]that eating deer would make them runas fast as the deer.
[00:28.55]吃鹿肉能使他们跑得像鹿一样飞快。
[00:31.74]Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies
[00:35.02]一些野蛮部落则相信，
[00:38.30]that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave.
[00:41.42]吃那些在战斗中表现骁勇的敌人能使他们也勇敢。
[00:44.54]Man-eating may have started because
[00:46.92]吃人现象开始发生可能是因为
[00:49.29]people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies.
[00:52.62]人们渴望变得像他们的敌人一样强壮和勇敢。
[00:55.95]Among civilized people
[00:58.14]在文明人中，
[01:00.32]it was once thought that ginger root by come magical power
[01:03.70]生姜曾被认为具有魔力，
[01:07.08] could improve the memory.
[01:09.26]能提高人们的记忆力。
[01:11.44]Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty.
[01:14.32]蛋则被认为能使人的声音甜美。
[01:17.19]Tomatoes also were believed to have magicai powers.
[01:20.52]人们也相信西红柿有魔力，
[01:23.85]They were called love apples
[01:26.13]称之为爱情苹果。
[01:28.40]and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love.
[01:31.48]人们以为，谁吃了西红柿，谁就会陷入情网。
[01:34.56]Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up--
[01:38.04]后来，又出现了关于西红柿的另一种错误说法——
[01:41.51]the idea that they were poisonous.
[01:43.99]即西红柿有毒。
[01:46.48]How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be
[01:49.75]如果有这种想法的人知道二战期间
[01:53.03]if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes
[01:56.61]成百万磅的西红柿被供应给在海外作战的士兵，
[02:00.19]were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War II.
[02:03.22]他们该多惊讶呀。
[02:06.25]Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food.
[02:09.88]即使今天仍有许多关于食物的错误说法。
[02:13.51]Some of them are very widespread.
[02:16.10]其中一些还流传甚广。
[02:18.68]One such idea is that fish is the best brain food.
[02:21.86]这些说法中有一种是，鱼是最好的健脑食品。
[02:25.03]Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food.
[02:29.81]鱼是良好的益脑食品，正如它对肌肉、皮肤和骨骼是有闪的食品一样。
[02:34.59]But no one has been able to prove
[02:37.11]但还没有 人能够证明，
[02:39.63] that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food.
[02:43.07]鱼的益脑作用比许多别的食品要强。
[02:46.50]Another such idea is that you should not drink water with meals.
[02:49.98]另一种错误的说法是，吃饭时我不应该喝水。
[02:53.45]Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea,
[02:57.33]喝水将食物冲下而替代咀嚼固然不是好办法，
[03:01.21]but some water with meals has been found to be helpful.
[03:04.29]但人们发现吃饭时喝些水是有益的。
[03:07.38]It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food.
[03:11.35]水能够促进消化液的分泌，从而帮助消化。
[03:15.32]Many of the ideas which scientists tell us have no foundation
[03:18.79]科学家告诉我们，
[03:22.27] have to do with mixtures of foods.
[03:24.84]很多毫无根据的说法与混合食物有关。
[03:27.41]A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk
[03:31.28]几年前，这种看法变得十分普遍，
[03:35.14] should never be drunk at the same meal.
[03:37.57]即桔汁和牛奶决不可在同一餐中饮用。
[03:40.00]The reason given was that the acid in the orange juice
[03:43.03]所给的理由是桔汁中的果酸会使牛奶凝结，
[03:46.06] would make the milk curdle and become indigestible.
[03:49.04]使之变得难以消化。
[03:52.02]As a matter of fact,milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdles it;
[03:57.31]但事实上，牛奶在胃里总是与一种使之凝结的消化液混合。
[04:02.60]the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion.
[04:05.83]牛奶的凝结是其被消化的第一步。
[04:09.05]A similar wrong idear is that fish and ice cream
[04:12.32]另一种类似 的错误观点是，
[04:15.58]when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination.
[04:19.07]在同一餐中吃鱼和水淇淋会使二者形成一种有毒的化合物。
[04:22.56]Still another wrong idea about mixing foods
[04:25.84]还有一种关于混合食物的错误观点，
[04:29.11]is that proteins and carbohydrates should never be eaten at the same meal.
[04:32.94]即蛋白质和碳水化合物决不可在同一餐中食用。
[04:36.77]Many people think of'bread, for example,as a carbohydrate food.
[04:39.90]比如，很多人认为面包是一种碳水化合物食品。
[04:43.04]It is chiefly a carbohydrate food, but it also contains proteins.
[04:47.41]面包主要是碳水化合物食品，但它也含有蛋白质。
[04:51.79]In the same way,milk, probably the best single food,
[04:54.92]同样地，牛奶可算是最佳的单一食品了，
[04:58.06] contains both proteins and carbohydrates.
[05:00.88]但它却同时含有蛋白质及碳水化合物。
[05:03.70]It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and potatoes together
[05:07.72]决不能把肉类和土豆放在一起吃，这种说法是愚蠢的，
[05:11.75]as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.
[05:15.08]就像是说不要吃面包或不要喝牛奶一样。

[05:18.41]Text B
[05:20.04]课文B
[05:21.67]Do Animals Think?
[05:23.50]动物会思考吗？
[05:25.33]The question has often been asked,Do animals think?
[05:28.36]人们经常会问这个问题，动物会思考吗？
[05:31.39]I believe that some of them think a great deal.
[05:33.96]我相信一些动物思考甚多。
[05:36.54]Many of them are like children in their sports.
[05:39.17]很多动物能你孩子一样地游戏。
[05:41.81]We notice this to be true very often with dogs and cats;
[05:44.69]我们注意到猫和狗是这样的，
[05:47.56]but it is true with other animals as well.
[05:50.13]但别的动物也如此。
[05:52.71]Some birds are very lively in their sports;
[05:55.64]一些鸟类在游戏时非常活泼，
[05:58.58]and the same is true with some insects.
[06:01.10]一些昆虫也如此。
[06:03.62]The ants,hardworking as they are,have their times for play.
[06:07.26]蚂蚁尽管工作很勤劳，但仍有时间玩耍。
[06:10.89]They run races;they wrestle;and sometimes they have mock fights together.
[06:14.86]它们赛跑、摔跤，有时还一起进行模拟战斗。
[06:18.83]Very busy must be their thoughts while engaged in these sports.
[06:22.07]它们在从事这些游戏时，思想一定很忙碌。
[06:25.31]There are many animals, however,
[06:27.64]但还有很多动物从不玩耍。
[06:29.98]that never play;their thoughts seem to be of the more sober kind.
[06:33.51]它们的思想似乎属于比较严肃那一类的。
[06:37.04]We never see frogs engaged in sport.
[06:39.52]我们从没有见过青蛙做什么游戏。
[06:42.00]They all the time appear to be very grave.
[06:44.62]所有时候它们都显得很庄重。
[06:47.25]The same is true of the owl,
[06:49.59]猫头鹰也这样，
[06:51.92]who always looks as if he were considering some important question.
[06:54.96]总是显出一副似乎正在思考重要问题的样子
[06:57.99]Animals think much while building their houses.
[07:00.96]动物在建造家园进思考很多。
[07:03.94]The bird searches for what it can use in building its nest,
[07:07.06]鸟类在搜寻它所能用来
[07:10.18]and in doing this it thinks.
[07:12.40]筑巢的东西时总在思考。
[07:14.63]The beavers think as they build their dams and their houses.
[07:17.81]海狸在建房和建筑时也思考问题。
[07:21.00]They think in getting their materials,
[07:23.43]它们琢磨如何找到材料，
[07:25.86]and also in arranging them,and in plastering them together with mud.
[07:29.14]安置材料之后找用泥浆把它们粘在一起。
[07:32.41]Some spiders build houses
[07:34.60]一些蜘蛛编织的“房子”队了有思考能力的动物外，
[07:36.78]which could scarcely have been made except by some thinking creature.
[07:39.86]别的动物几乎不可能造出来。
[07:42.94]As animals think, they learn.Some learn more than others.
[07:46.32]正如动物会思考一样，它们也会学习。一些动物比另一些动物学得快。
[07:49.71]The parrot learns to talk,though in some other respects it is quite stupid.
[07:53.80]鹦鹉虽然在一些别的方面挺笨，但能学话。
[07:57.88]The mocking bird learns to imitate a great many different sounds.
[08:00.97]反舌鸟能学会模仿很多不同的声音。
[08:04.05]The horse is not long in learning many things connected
[08:06.92]马在学习干很多与它的活儿
[08:09.80] with the work which he has to do.
[08:11.98]有关的事情上还不算慢。
[08:14.16]The shepherd dog does not know as much about most things as some other dogs,
[08:17.54]牧羊犬对很多事情不如别的狗知道得多，
[08:20.92]and yet he understands very well how to take care of sheep.
[08:23.95]可它非常明白应该如何看管好羊群。
[08:26.98]Though animals think and learn,
[08:28.90]虽然动物既思考也学习，
[08:30.82]they do not make any real improvement in their ways of doing things,as men do.
[08:34.21]但在做事的方法上并不能像人那样有真正的改进。
[08:37.59]Each kind of bird has its own way of building a nest,
[08:40.46]每种鸟都有其独特的筑巢方式，
[08:43.34] and it is always the same way.
[08:45.47]但总是一成不变。
[08:47.60]And so of other animals.
[08:49.67]别的动物也如此。
[08:51.75]They have no new fashions,and learn none from each other.
[08:54.62]它们缺乏新的花们，也不会相互学习。
[08:57.50]But men,as you know,are always finding new ways of building houses,
[09:01.13]而人呢，正如你知道的那样，总在发现建造房屋的新方法，
[09:04.76]and improved methods of doing almost all kinds of labor.
[09:07.59]并入进了几乎所的工作的方法。
[09:10.43]Many of the things that animals know how to do
[09:13.21]有许多事情动物知道怎么做，
[09:15.99] they seem to know either without learning,
[09:18.21]但它们要么未经过学习就会，
[09:20.43]or in some way which we cannot understand.
[09:22.96]，要么是以某种我们不了解的方式学会的。
[09:25.50]They are said to do such things by instinct;
[09:28.12]据说它们凭本能就会做这些事，
[09:30.75]but no one can tell what instinct is.
[09:33.18]但没人能说清什么是本能。
[09:35.61]It is by this instinct that birds build their nests
[09:38.44]正是通过这种本能，鸟类搭巢，
[09:41.28] and beavers their dams and huts.
[09:43.50]海狸筑堤造窝。
[09:45.72]If these things were all planned and thought out just as men plan new houses,
[09:49.40]如果这些事情像人设计新房子一样有所计划，
[09:53.08]there would be some changes in the fashions of them,and some improvements.
[09:56.32]有所设想，式样上就应该有所变化，有所改进。
[09:59.56]I have spoken of the building instinct of beavers.
[10:02.54]我已经谈过海狸 的建筑本能。
[10:05.52]An English gentleman caught a young one and put him at first in a cage.
[10:09.20]一个英国绅士捉了只小海狸，先把它关在笼子里。
[10:12.88]After a while he let him out in a mom
[10:15.67]过了一会儿绅士把它放到一个有各种东西的房间里。
[10:18.45] where there was a great variety of things.
[10:20.67]小海狸一被放出来，
[10:22.89]As soon as he was let out he began to exercise his building instinct.
[10:26.57]就开始运用它的建筑本能。
[10:30.26]He gathered together whatever he could find,
[10:32.62]它把所能找到的各种东西集中起来，
[10:34.98]brushes,baskets,boots,clothes,sticks,bits of coal,etc.,
[10:39.75]如刷子、篮子、靴子、衣服、棍子、
[10:44.52] and arranged them as if to build a dam.
[10:46.95]小煤块等，把它们摆放得好像筑堤一样。
[10:49.38]Now,if he had had his wits about him,
[10:52.32]那么，如果海狸真有才智的话，
[10:55.26]he would have known that there was no use in building a dam
[10:57.99]它本应该知道
[11:00.71]where there was no water.
[11:02.49]，在没有水地方筑堤是毫无意义的。
[11:04.27]It is plain that,
[11:05.94]很明显，
[11:07.61]while animals learn about things by their senses as we do,
[11:10.75]当动物像人一样依靠感官学习时，
[11:13.88]they do not think nearly as much about what they learn,
[11:16.70]它们不像人一样对学习的东西深入思考，
[11:19.52]and this is the reason why they do not improve more rapidly.
[11:22.50]而这就是为什么它们不能得到更快提高的原因。
[11:25.48]Even the wisest of them, as the elephant and the dog,
[11:28.56]即使它们中紧聪明的动物，如大象和狗，
[11:31.64]do not think very much about what they see and hear.
[11:34.47]对所见所闻也思考不够。
[11:37.29]Nor is this all.
[11:39.10]这还不是全部原因。
[11:40.92]There are some things that we understand,
[11:43.33]我们人能理解的一些东西，
[11:45.75]but about which animals know nothing.
[11:47.97]动物对此则一无所知。
[11:50.19]They have no knowledge of anything that happens outside of their own observation .
[11:53.87]它们不了解发生在自己观察范围之外的事情。
[11:57.56]Their minds are so much unlike ours
[11:59.99]它们头脑与我们的大不一样，
[12:02.42]that they do not know the difference between right and wrong.
[12:05.24]以致无法知道对错之分。