[00:00.00]Unit 7 text A Leisure and Leadership
[00:03.75] 休闲与引导
[00:07.50]Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies
[00:11.47]观察和研究结果表明,先进工业社会中
[00:15.44]are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure
[00:18.68]人们越来越关心休闲机会
[00:21.92]and what they can do in their leisure time.
[00:24.44]和在休闲时间里做些什么.
[00:26.96]The importance people attach to paid holidays
[00:29.69]其标志是人们认为带薪休假
[00:32.42]and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation
[00:36.14]和众多娱乐,休养服务的快速发展很重要.
[00:39.86]are signs of this increasing concern.
[00:44.72]The term "quality of life" is difficult to define.
[00:47.91] "生活质量"这个词很难定义.
[00:51.10]It covers a very wide scope such as living environment health,employment,
[00:55.47]它饮食的范围很广,诸如生活环境,健康,职业,
[00:59.85]food,family life,friends,education,material possessions leisure
[01:04.42]食品,家庭生活,朋友,教育,物质财富,
[01:08.99]leisure and recreation,and so on.
[01:11.95]休闲和休养等等.
[01:14.92]Generally speaking,the quality of life especially as seen by the individual,
[01:18.64]一般来说,生活质量,特别是在个人看来,其意义
[01:22.36]is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life
[01:26.33]是邮在多大程度上这些不同的生活领域
[01:30.31]are available or provide satisfaction to the individual.
[01:33.54]可以被个人享受或可以使个人满意来衡量的.
[01:36.78]As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time
[01:40.47] 作为在休闲时进行的自己认为适当的活动,
[01:44.15]leisure has the following functions:
[01:46.49]休闲具有下列功能:
[01:48.83]relaxation recreation and entertainment,and personal development.
[01:52.60]放松,休养和娱乐,以及个人的发展.
[01:56.38]The importance of these varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life-style.
[02:00.35]其重要性随着一个人的工作性质,生活方式的不同而不同.
[02:04.32]Thus,people who need to exert much energy in their work
[02:07.26]因此,需要在工作上花费很多精力的人们
[02:10.19]will find relaxation most desirable in leisure.
[02:13.13]会发现休闲中的放松更大有益处.
[02:16.07]Those with a better education and in professional occupations
[02:19.34]那些受过教育从事专业工作的人们
[02:22.60]may tend more to seek recreationand personal development
[02:26.13]可能更倾向于在休闲时寻求休养和个人发展
[02:29.66](e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure.
[02:33.04](例如:技术和业余爱好的培养).
[02:36.42]The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.
[02:39.60] 休闲的具体用途,人与人各不相同.
[02:42.77]Even the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals.
[02:46.54]即使同一种休闲活动,不同人用起来也不同.
[02:50.32]Thus,the following are possible uses of television watching
[02:56.77]a popular leisure activity:
[02:58.85]这样,以下是电视,一种流行的休闲活动的几种可能的用途:
[03:00.92]a change of experience to provide "escape" from the stress and strain of work;
[03:05.20]改变感受,从压力和紧张中"逃脱"出来,
[03:09.47]to learn more about what is happening in one's environment;
[03:12.29]更多地了解周围环境中正在发生的事情;
[03:15.11]to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself
[03:17.84]提供一个了解自己的机会,
[03:20.57]by comparing other people's life experiences as portrayed in the programmes.
[03:24.04]通过与节目中所描述的他人的生活阅历比较中.
[03:27.52]In an urban society in which highly structured,
[03:30.40] 在城市社会里,结构严密,步调迅速,
[03:33.29]fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life,
[03:37.36]充满压力的工作笼罩着人们的生活,
[03:41.44]experiences of a different nature,be it television watching or bird-watching,
[03:45.16]某种不同性质的经历,不管是看电视还是看鸟,
[03:48.88]can lead to a self-renewal and a more"balanced"way of life
[03:53.01]都能导致自我更大新和一种"平衡"的生活方式.
[03:57.14]Since leisure is basically self-determined
[03:59.78]由于休闲基本上是自己决定的事,
[04:02.42]one is able to take to one's interests and preferences
[04:05.89]个人就可以培养自己的兴趣和爱好,
[04:09.36]and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.
[04:12.94]并以能为自己带来享受和满足的方式从事某项活动.
[04:16.52]Our likes and dislikes,tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books,
[04:21.39] 我们的好恶,口味和爱好,构成了我们这些选择的基础,
[04:26.27]going to the cinema,camping,or certain cultural pursuits,
[04:29.28]如读书,看电影,野营,某种文化追求.
[04:32.30]are all related to social contexts and learning experiences.
[04:35.92]它们都与社会背景和学习经历有关.
[04:39.54]We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families
[04:46.30]schools,jobs,and the mass media.
[04:48.48]我们从家庭,学校,工作和大众传播媒介中获得对各种事物的兴趣.
[04:50.66]Basically,such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure
[04:54.44]基本上说,这种态度就是
[04:58.21]is an important area of life
[05:00.64]承认休闲是生活的一个重要方面,
[05:03.07]and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.
[05:06.51]相信休闲能够并且应该得到充分利用.
[05:09.94]Professional workers in recreation services,too,will find that
[05:13.52] 从事娱乐业的专业工作者发现,
[05:17.10]to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential
[05:21.07]使公众具有积极的态度对待休闲,
[05:25.04]for motivating them to use their leisure in creative
[05:27.72]对促进他们以创造性的满意方式利用闲暇时间十分必要.
[05:30.40]and satisfying ways.
[05:35.05]Hence,it can be argued
[05:37.33]因此我们认为
[05:39.62]that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts
[05:43.30]在各种环境下与我们接触的人
[05:46.98]are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes
[05:50.56]都可能对形成我们的看法,兴趣,
[05:54.14]interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure.
[05:57.26]甚至如何对待休闲的方法产生影响.
[06:00.39]Influence of this kind is a form of leadership.
[06:03.36]这种影响是一种引导方式.
[06:06.34]Parents,teachers in schools,work associates and communicators in or using
[06:10.52] 父母,学校里的教师,同事和
[06:14.70]the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests
[06:18.33]大众传播媒介的传播工作者都能唤起起我们的潜在兴趣.
[06:21.96]For example,the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games,
[06:26.80]例如:学校鼓励参加游戏,运动和文化娱乐的程度和方式
[06:31.63]sports and cultural pursuits are likely
[06:37.69]to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.
[06:41.52]可能对形成学生对待休闲的态度起一定的作用.
[06:45.34]Schools usually set as their educational objective
[06:51.51]the attainment of a balanced development of the person.
[06:54.54] 学校通常把人的平衡发展列入教育目标.
[06:57.57]The more seriously this is sought,
[06:59.79]越认真地追求这个目标,
[07:02.01]the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure
[07:07.36]as well as academic work will be encouraged.
[07:09.95]就越可能激发人们对休闲和学术研究的积极态度.
[07:12.54]Text B The Time Message
[07:15.06] 时间信息
[07:17.58]You may have been exposed to this idea before but this time try to hear.
[07:20.56]以前你可能听说过这个观点,这次你不妨再听一听.
[07:23.53]There is a message that is trying to reach you,
[07:25.01]有一条信息要送给你,而且重要的是,
[07:26.48]and it is important that it get through loud and clear.
[07:28.67]这条信息响亮而清楚地传送到你的耳朵.
[07:30.85]The message? Time management!
[07:32.98]信息? 时间安排!
[07:35.11]Time is elusive and tricky.
[07:36.88] 时间难以捉摸,稍纵即逝.
[07:38.66]It is the easiest thing in the world to waste the most difficult to control.
[07:41.74]它是世界上最容易浪费的东西---最难支配.
[07:44.82]When you look ahead, it may appear you have more than you need.
[07:47.50]当你展望未来时,似乎你的时间比需要的还多.
[07:50.18]Yet it has a way of slipping through your fingers like quicksand.
[07:52.61]不过,它会像流沙一样从手中悄然流逝.
[07:55.04]You may suddenly find that there is no way to stretch the little time you have left to cover all your obligations.
[07:58.97]你可能突然发现你无法处长所剩的一点点时间去完成你所有的职责.
[08:02.90]For example,as a beginning student looking ahead to a full term
[08:05.88]例如:像一个刚开学的学生展望整个学期,
[08:08.86]you may feel that you have an oversupply of time on your hands.
[08:11.38]你可能会觉得你手头有太多的时间,
[08:13.90]But toward the end of the term you may panic because time is running out
[08:16.68]但到了期末你可能因为时间已悄然而逝而恐慌.
[08:19.46]The answer?Control!
[08:21.39]答案是什么呢? 支配时间!
[08:23.33]Time is dangerous. If you don't control it,it will control you
[08:26.15] 时间是危险的.如果你不支配它,它就会支配你.
[08:28.97]If you don't make it work for you,it will work against you.
[08:31.45]如果你不使它为你工作,它就会和你对着干.
[08:33.93]You must become the master of time,not the servant.
[08:36.31]你必须成为时间的主人,而不是仆人.
[08:38.69]Study hard and play hard is an old proverb,but it still makes sense.
[08:41.67]努力学习,尽兴玩乐是一句古老的谚语,但今天它依然有意义.
[08:44.64]You have plenty of time for classes,study,work,and play
[08:50.70]if you use your time properly.
[08:52.43]如果你合理利用时间,你就会有充足的时间上课,学习,工作和娱乐.
[08:54.15]It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts
[08:56.52]你安排多少时间学习并不重要,
[08:58.88]but how much you learn when you do study.
[09:00.92]重要的是你学习时学到多少东西.
[09:02.96]Too much wasted time is bad medicine.
[09:05.08] 时间严重浪费,就像得病吃了不能治病的药一样.
[09:07.21]The more time you waste,the easier it is to continue wasting time
[09:10.15]倾斜角浪费的时间越多,就越容易继续浪费时间.
[09:13.09]Soon,doing nothing becomes a habit you can't break.It becomes a drug.
[09:16.62]很快,无所事事便成为你难以打破的习惯.它成为一种麻醉剂,
[09:20.14]When this happens,
[09:21.57]当这些发生时,
[09:22.99]you lose your feeling of accomplishment and you fall by the wayside.
[09:25.67]你会丧失进取心,半途而废.
[09:28.35]A full schedule is a good schedule.
[09:30.32]一个完善的时间表才是一份好的时间表.
[09:32.29]Some students refuse to hear the time message.
[09:34.65] 一些学生拒绝倾听时间信息.
[09:37.02]They refuse to accept the fact that college life demands some degreeof time control.
[09:40.15]他们拒绝接受大学生活需要在一定程度上支配时间这一事实,
[09:43.29]There is no escape.So what's the next step?
[09:45.81]这是无法逃避的现实.那么下一步是什么呢?
[09:48.33]If you seriously wish to get the time message,
[09:50.55]如果你的确希望得到时间信息,
[09:52.77]this passage will give it to you,
[09:54.51]这一章将会告诉你.
[09:56.24]Remember--it will not only improve your grades
[09:58.73]记住---它不但会提高你的分数,
[10:01.21]but also free you to enjoy college life more.
[10:03.44]而且使你更轻松地享受大学生活.
[10:05.68]Message 1. Time is valuable- control it from the beginning.
[10:08.71] 信息1. 时间珍贵,从一开始就支配它.
[10:11.74]Time is today,not tomorrow or next week.
[10:14.22] 时间就是今天,并非明天或下星期.
[10:16.70]Start your plan at the beginning of the term
[10:18.83]在学期的开始就开始你的计划,
[10:20.96]and readjust it with each new project.
[10:22.98]随着每一新项目的出现而重新调整.
[10:25.01]Thus you can spread your work time around a little.
[10:27.42]因而能伸展你的少量工作时间.
[10:29.84]Message 2. Get the notebook habit.
[10:32.32] 信息 2.养成记笔记的习惯.
[10:34.80]Go and buy a pocket-size notebook.
[10:36.83]去买一本袖珍笔记本.
[10:38.85]There are many varieties of these special notebooks.
[10:41.08]这类特别的笔记本有好多种.
[10:43.32]Select the one you like best.
[10:45.15]选择一种你最喜欢的,
[10:46.97]Use it to schedule your study time each day.
[10:49.10]用它来列出你每天的学习时间表.
[10:51.23]You can also use it to note important dates,
[10:53.41]你还可以用它记录重要的日期,
[10:55.59]appointments,addresses and telephone numbers.
[10:58.02]约会,地址和电话号码.
[11:00.45]Keep it with you at all times.
[11:02.23]时刻都把它带在身边.
[11:04.01]Message 3. Prepare a weekly study schedule.
[11:06.83] 信息 3.准备一份周学习时间表.
[11:09.65]The main purpose of the notebook is to help you prepare a weekly study schedule.
[11:12.84]笔记本的主要目的是帮你准备一份周学习时间表.
[11:16.02]Once prepared,follow the same pattern every week with minor adjustments.
[11:19.25]一旦准备好了,每周都要按照相同的模式进行,只做微小的调整.
[11:22.48]Sunday is an excellent day to make up your schedule for the following week.
[11:25.31]星期日是为下一周制定时间表的极好的时间.
[11:28.14]Write in your class schedule first.
[11:30.02]先写进去你的上课计划,
[11:31.91]Add your work hours, if any.
[11:33.79]把工作时间也写,如果有的话.
[11:35.67]Then write in the hours each day you feel you must allocate for study
[11:38.61]然后写上你认为每天必须分配给学习的时间.
[11:41.54]Keep it simple.
[11:42.92]要简单些.
[11:44.29]Message 4. Be realistic.
[11:46.57]信息4. 要现实些.
[11:48.86]When you plan time for these things,be realistic.Don't underestimate.
[11:51.84]你为这些事情计划时间时,要现实一些,不要少估时间.
[11:54.81]Overestimate,if possible,
[11:56.73]如果可能的话,把时间估计得长一些,
[11:58.65]so that emergencies that arise don't hang you up.
[12:01.08]以便再现紧急情况时,不致耽搁你的工作.
[12:03.51]Otherwise your entire routine may get thrown off balance
[12:06.30]否则的话,你全部日常工作可能会失去平衡,
[12:09.08]while you devote night and day to crash efforts.
[12:11.36]当你日日夜夜致力于应急工作时.
[12:13.65]Message 5. Make study time fit the course.
[12:16.38]信息 5.使学习时间与课程相协调.
[12:19.11]How much study time you schedule for each classroom hour depends on four factors:
[12:22.28] 你为每一次上课时间安排多长时间依赖于四个因素:
[12:25.46](l)your ability,(2)the difficulty of the class
[12:29.58](1)你的能力; (2)课程的难度;
[12:33.71](3)the grades you hope to achieve,and (4) how well you use your study time.
[12:38.54](3)你希望达到的等级; (4)你利用学习时间的好坏.
[12:43.38]One thing,however,is certain:
[12:45.26]不过有一件是确定的:
[12:47.14]you should schedule a minimum of one hour of study for each classroom hour.
[12:50.17]第一次上课时间你至少安排一小时,
[12:53.20]In many cases, more will be required.
[12:55.48]许多情况下可能需要更多一些.
[12:57.77]Message 6. Keep your schedule flexible.
[13:00.29]信息6. 使你的日程表有弹性.
[13:02.81]A good schedule must have a little give
[13:05.15]一份好的日程表必须有一点弹性,
[13:07.49]so that special projects can be taken care of properly.
[13:09.85]使特别的项目能得到适当的处理.
[13:12.22]Think out and prepare your schedule each week
[13:14.24]深思熟虑,准备你每周的时间表,
[13:16.26]and do not become a slave to an inflexible pattern.
[13:18.79]不要成为不可改变模式的奴隶.
[13:21.31]Adjust it as you deem necessary.
[13:23.23]你认为必要时就加以调整.
[13:25.15]Message 7. Study first--fun later.
[13:27.97] 信息7. 先学习,后娱乐.
[13:30.79]You will enjoy your fun time more
[13:34.45]after you have completed your study responsibilities.
[13:36.93]完成你的学习任务后,你就会更大好地享受娱乐时间.
[13:39.41]So,where possible,schedule your study hours in advance of fun activities.
[13:43.18]因此,在可能的时候,把你的学习时间安排在娱乐活动之前.
[13:46.96]Message 8. Study some each class day.
[13:49.48]信息8.每个学习日都要学一点.
[13:52.00]Some concentrated study each day
[13:54.08]每天做一些集中精力的学习
[13:56.15]is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next.
[13:58.94]比一天学好几个小时,第二天却不学要好.
[14:01.72]As you work out your individual schedule,
[14:03.76]制定你的时间表时,
[14:05.79]attempt to include a minimum of two study hours each day.
[14:08.31]试着每天安排至少两个小时的学习时间.
[14:10.83]This will not only keep the study habit alive
[14:13.07]这样将不但保持学习习惯,
[14:15.30]but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects.
[14:17.93]而且可以使你了解你的课程任务和项目的当前情况.
[14:20.55]Few beginning freshmen can control their time effectively without a written schedule,
[14:23.58]没有几个初学的新生不写下日程表就能有效地支配他们的时间的.
[14:26.61]so why kid yourself into thinking you don't need one?
[14:28.83]那么,为什么要哄骗自己,认为你不需要一份日程表呢?
[14:31.05]You do.Later on,when you have had more experience
[14:34.03]你仍是需要的.当你有了更多的经验,
[14:37.01]and you have the time-control habit,you may be able to operate without it.
[14:39.93]有了支配时间的习惯,你才可能不用时间表而进行学习.
[14:42.86]Of course the schedule is only the first step.
[14:45.15]当然,日程表只是第一步.
[14:47.43]Once you have it prepared,you must stick with it and follow it faithfully.
[14:50.76]一旦你准备好了日程表,你必须踏实地坚持,遵从.
[14:54.09]You must push away the many temptations
[14:56.17]你必须抵御经常存在的许多诱惑,
[14:58.25]that are always presentor your schedule is useless.
[15:00.91]否则你的日程表就没用了.
[15:03.58]Your schedule will give you control only if you make it work.
[15:06.54]只有让你的时间表起作用,它才能支配你的时间.
[00:03.75] 休闲与引导
[00:07.50]Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies
[00:11.47]观察和研究结果表明,先进工业社会中
[00:15.44]are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure
[00:18.68]人们越来越关心休闲机会
[00:21.92]and what they can do in their leisure time.
[00:24.44]和在休闲时间里做些什么.
[00:26.96]The importance people attach to paid holidays
[00:29.69]其标志是人们认为带薪休假
[00:32.42]and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation
[00:36.14]和众多娱乐,休养服务的快速发展很重要.
[00:39.86]are signs of this increasing concern.
[00:44.72]The term "quality of life" is difficult to define.
[00:47.91] "生活质量"这个词很难定义.
[00:51.10]It covers a very wide scope such as living environment health,employment,
[00:55.47]它饮食的范围很广,诸如生活环境,健康,职业,
[00:59.85]food,family life,friends,education,material possessions leisure
[01:04.42]食品,家庭生活,朋友,教育,物质财富,
[01:08.99]leisure and recreation,and so on.
[01:11.95]休闲和休养等等.
[01:14.92]Generally speaking,the quality of life especially as seen by the individual,
[01:18.64]一般来说,生活质量,特别是在个人看来,其意义
[01:22.36]is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life
[01:26.33]是邮在多大程度上这些不同的生活领域
[01:30.31]are available or provide satisfaction to the individual.
[01:33.54]可以被个人享受或可以使个人满意来衡量的.
[01:36.78]As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time
[01:40.47] 作为在休闲时进行的自己认为适当的活动,
[01:44.15]leisure has the following functions:
[01:46.49]休闲具有下列功能:
[01:48.83]relaxation recreation and entertainment,and personal development.
[01:52.60]放松,休养和娱乐,以及个人的发展.
[01:56.38]The importance of these varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life-style.
[02:00.35]其重要性随着一个人的工作性质,生活方式的不同而不同.
[02:04.32]Thus,people who need to exert much energy in their work
[02:07.26]因此,需要在工作上花费很多精力的人们
[02:10.19]will find relaxation most desirable in leisure.
[02:13.13]会发现休闲中的放松更大有益处.
[02:16.07]Those with a better education and in professional occupations
[02:19.34]那些受过教育从事专业工作的人们
[02:22.60]may tend more to seek recreationand personal development
[02:26.13]可能更倾向于在休闲时寻求休养和个人发展
[02:29.66](e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure.
[02:33.04](例如:技术和业余爱好的培养).
[02:36.42]The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.
[02:39.60] 休闲的具体用途,人与人各不相同.
[02:42.77]Even the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals.
[02:46.54]即使同一种休闲活动,不同人用起来也不同.
[02:50.32]Thus,the following are possible uses of television watching
[02:56.77]a popular leisure activity:
[02:58.85]这样,以下是电视,一种流行的休闲活动的几种可能的用途:
[03:00.92]a change of experience to provide "escape" from the stress and strain of work;
[03:05.20]改变感受,从压力和紧张中"逃脱"出来,
[03:09.47]to learn more about what is happening in one's environment;
[03:12.29]更多地了解周围环境中正在发生的事情;
[03:15.11]to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself
[03:17.84]提供一个了解自己的机会,
[03:20.57]by comparing other people's life experiences as portrayed in the programmes.
[03:24.04]通过与节目中所描述的他人的生活阅历比较中.
[03:27.52]In an urban society in which highly structured,
[03:30.40] 在城市社会里,结构严密,步调迅速,
[03:33.29]fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life,
[03:37.36]充满压力的工作笼罩着人们的生活,
[03:41.44]experiences of a different nature,be it television watching or bird-watching,
[03:45.16]某种不同性质的经历,不管是看电视还是看鸟,
[03:48.88]can lead to a self-renewal and a more"balanced"way of life
[03:53.01]都能导致自我更大新和一种"平衡"的生活方式.
[03:57.14]Since leisure is basically self-determined
[03:59.78]由于休闲基本上是自己决定的事,
[04:02.42]one is able to take to one's interests and preferences
[04:05.89]个人就可以培养自己的兴趣和爱好,
[04:09.36]and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.
[04:12.94]并以能为自己带来享受和满足的方式从事某项活动.
[04:16.52]Our likes and dislikes,tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books,
[04:21.39] 我们的好恶,口味和爱好,构成了我们这些选择的基础,
[04:26.27]going to the cinema,camping,or certain cultural pursuits,
[04:29.28]如读书,看电影,野营,某种文化追求.
[04:32.30]are all related to social contexts and learning experiences.
[04:35.92]它们都与社会背景和学习经历有关.
[04:39.54]We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families
[04:46.30]schools,jobs,and the mass media.
[04:48.48]我们从家庭,学校,工作和大众传播媒介中获得对各种事物的兴趣.
[04:50.66]Basically,such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure
[04:54.44]基本上说,这种态度就是
[04:58.21]is an important area of life
[05:00.64]承认休闲是生活的一个重要方面,
[05:03.07]and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.
[05:06.51]相信休闲能够并且应该得到充分利用.
[05:09.94]Professional workers in recreation services,too,will find that
[05:13.52] 从事娱乐业的专业工作者发现,
[05:17.10]to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential
[05:21.07]使公众具有积极的态度对待休闲,
[05:25.04]for motivating them to use their leisure in creative
[05:27.72]对促进他们以创造性的满意方式利用闲暇时间十分必要.
[05:30.40]and satisfying ways.
[05:35.05]Hence,it can be argued
[05:37.33]因此我们认为
[05:39.62]that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts
[05:43.30]在各种环境下与我们接触的人
[05:46.98]are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes
[05:50.56]都可能对形成我们的看法,兴趣,
[05:54.14]interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure.
[05:57.26]甚至如何对待休闲的方法产生影响.
[06:00.39]Influence of this kind is a form of leadership.
[06:03.36]这种影响是一种引导方式.
[06:06.34]Parents,teachers in schools,work associates and communicators in or using
[06:10.52] 父母,学校里的教师,同事和
[06:14.70]the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests
[06:18.33]大众传播媒介的传播工作者都能唤起起我们的潜在兴趣.
[06:21.96]For example,the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games,
[06:26.80]例如:学校鼓励参加游戏,运动和文化娱乐的程度和方式
[06:31.63]sports and cultural pursuits are likely
[06:37.69]to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.
[06:41.52]可能对形成学生对待休闲的态度起一定的作用.
[06:45.34]Schools usually set as their educational objective
[06:51.51]the attainment of a balanced development of the person.
[06:54.54] 学校通常把人的平衡发展列入教育目标.
[06:57.57]The more seriously this is sought,
[06:59.79]越认真地追求这个目标,
[07:02.01]the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure
[07:07.36]as well as academic work will be encouraged.
[07:09.95]就越可能激发人们对休闲和学术研究的积极态度.
[07:12.54]Text B The Time Message
[07:15.06] 时间信息
[07:17.58]You may have been exposed to this idea before but this time try to hear.
[07:20.56]以前你可能听说过这个观点,这次你不妨再听一听.
[07:23.53]There is a message that is trying to reach you,
[07:25.01]有一条信息要送给你,而且重要的是,
[07:26.48]and it is important that it get through loud and clear.
[07:28.67]这条信息响亮而清楚地传送到你的耳朵.
[07:30.85]The message? Time management!
[07:32.98]信息? 时间安排!
[07:35.11]Time is elusive and tricky.
[07:36.88] 时间难以捉摸,稍纵即逝.
[07:38.66]It is the easiest thing in the world to waste the most difficult to control.
[07:41.74]它是世界上最容易浪费的东西---最难支配.
[07:44.82]When you look ahead, it may appear you have more than you need.
[07:47.50]当你展望未来时,似乎你的时间比需要的还多.
[07:50.18]Yet it has a way of slipping through your fingers like quicksand.
[07:52.61]不过,它会像流沙一样从手中悄然流逝.
[07:55.04]You may suddenly find that there is no way to stretch the little time you have left to cover all your obligations.
[07:58.97]你可能突然发现你无法处长所剩的一点点时间去完成你所有的职责.
[08:02.90]For example,as a beginning student looking ahead to a full term
[08:05.88]例如:像一个刚开学的学生展望整个学期,
[08:08.86]you may feel that you have an oversupply of time on your hands.
[08:11.38]你可能会觉得你手头有太多的时间,
[08:13.90]But toward the end of the term you may panic because time is running out
[08:16.68]但到了期末你可能因为时间已悄然而逝而恐慌.
[08:19.46]The answer?Control!
[08:21.39]答案是什么呢? 支配时间!
[08:23.33]Time is dangerous. If you don't control it,it will control you
[08:26.15] 时间是危险的.如果你不支配它,它就会支配你.
[08:28.97]If you don't make it work for you,it will work against you.
[08:31.45]如果你不使它为你工作,它就会和你对着干.
[08:33.93]You must become the master of time,not the servant.
[08:36.31]你必须成为时间的主人,而不是仆人.
[08:38.69]Study hard and play hard is an old proverb,but it still makes sense.
[08:41.67]努力学习,尽兴玩乐是一句古老的谚语,但今天它依然有意义.
[08:44.64]You have plenty of time for classes,study,work,and play
[08:50.70]if you use your time properly.
[08:52.43]如果你合理利用时间,你就会有充足的时间上课,学习,工作和娱乐.
[08:54.15]It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts
[08:56.52]你安排多少时间学习并不重要,
[08:58.88]but how much you learn when you do study.
[09:00.92]重要的是你学习时学到多少东西.
[09:02.96]Too much wasted time is bad medicine.
[09:05.08] 时间严重浪费,就像得病吃了不能治病的药一样.
[09:07.21]The more time you waste,the easier it is to continue wasting time
[09:10.15]倾斜角浪费的时间越多,就越容易继续浪费时间.
[09:13.09]Soon,doing nothing becomes a habit you can't break.It becomes a drug.
[09:16.62]很快,无所事事便成为你难以打破的习惯.它成为一种麻醉剂,
[09:20.14]When this happens,
[09:21.57]当这些发生时,
[09:22.99]you lose your feeling of accomplishment and you fall by the wayside.
[09:25.67]你会丧失进取心,半途而废.
[09:28.35]A full schedule is a good schedule.
[09:30.32]一个完善的时间表才是一份好的时间表.
[09:32.29]Some students refuse to hear the time message.
[09:34.65] 一些学生拒绝倾听时间信息.
[09:37.02]They refuse to accept the fact that college life demands some degreeof time control.
[09:40.15]他们拒绝接受大学生活需要在一定程度上支配时间这一事实,
[09:43.29]There is no escape.So what's the next step?
[09:45.81]这是无法逃避的现实.那么下一步是什么呢?
[09:48.33]If you seriously wish to get the time message,
[09:50.55]如果你的确希望得到时间信息,
[09:52.77]this passage will give it to you,
[09:54.51]这一章将会告诉你.
[09:56.24]Remember--it will not only improve your grades
[09:58.73]记住---它不但会提高你的分数,
[10:01.21]but also free you to enjoy college life more.
[10:03.44]而且使你更轻松地享受大学生活.
[10:05.68]Message 1. Time is valuable- control it from the beginning.
[10:08.71] 信息1. 时间珍贵,从一开始就支配它.
[10:11.74]Time is today,not tomorrow or next week.
[10:14.22] 时间就是今天,并非明天或下星期.
[10:16.70]Start your plan at the beginning of the term
[10:18.83]在学期的开始就开始你的计划,
[10:20.96]and readjust it with each new project.
[10:22.98]随着每一新项目的出现而重新调整.
[10:25.01]Thus you can spread your work time around a little.
[10:27.42]因而能伸展你的少量工作时间.
[10:29.84]Message 2. Get the notebook habit.
[10:32.32] 信息 2.养成记笔记的习惯.
[10:34.80]Go and buy a pocket-size notebook.
[10:36.83]去买一本袖珍笔记本.
[10:38.85]There are many varieties of these special notebooks.
[10:41.08]这类特别的笔记本有好多种.
[10:43.32]Select the one you like best.
[10:45.15]选择一种你最喜欢的,
[10:46.97]Use it to schedule your study time each day.
[10:49.10]用它来列出你每天的学习时间表.
[10:51.23]You can also use it to note important dates,
[10:53.41]你还可以用它记录重要的日期,
[10:55.59]appointments,addresses and telephone numbers.
[10:58.02]约会,地址和电话号码.
[11:00.45]Keep it with you at all times.
[11:02.23]时刻都把它带在身边.
[11:04.01]Message 3. Prepare a weekly study schedule.
[11:06.83] 信息 3.准备一份周学习时间表.
[11:09.65]The main purpose of the notebook is to help you prepare a weekly study schedule.
[11:12.84]笔记本的主要目的是帮你准备一份周学习时间表.
[11:16.02]Once prepared,follow the same pattern every week with minor adjustments.
[11:19.25]一旦准备好了,每周都要按照相同的模式进行,只做微小的调整.
[11:22.48]Sunday is an excellent day to make up your schedule for the following week.
[11:25.31]星期日是为下一周制定时间表的极好的时间.
[11:28.14]Write in your class schedule first.
[11:30.02]先写进去你的上课计划,
[11:31.91]Add your work hours, if any.
[11:33.79]把工作时间也写,如果有的话.
[11:35.67]Then write in the hours each day you feel you must allocate for study
[11:38.61]然后写上你认为每天必须分配给学习的时间.
[11:41.54]Keep it simple.
[11:42.92]要简单些.
[11:44.29]Message 4. Be realistic.
[11:46.57]信息4. 要现实些.
[11:48.86]When you plan time for these things,be realistic.Don't underestimate.
[11:51.84]你为这些事情计划时间时,要现实一些,不要少估时间.
[11:54.81]Overestimate,if possible,
[11:56.73]如果可能的话,把时间估计得长一些,
[11:58.65]so that emergencies that arise don't hang you up.
[12:01.08]以便再现紧急情况时,不致耽搁你的工作.
[12:03.51]Otherwise your entire routine may get thrown off balance
[12:06.30]否则的话,你全部日常工作可能会失去平衡,
[12:09.08]while you devote night and day to crash efforts.
[12:11.36]当你日日夜夜致力于应急工作时.
[12:13.65]Message 5. Make study time fit the course.
[12:16.38]信息 5.使学习时间与课程相协调.
[12:19.11]How much study time you schedule for each classroom hour depends on four factors:
[12:22.28] 你为每一次上课时间安排多长时间依赖于四个因素:
[12:25.46](l)your ability,(2)the difficulty of the class
[12:29.58](1)你的能力; (2)课程的难度;
[12:33.71](3)the grades you hope to achieve,and (4) how well you use your study time.
[12:38.54](3)你希望达到的等级; (4)你利用学习时间的好坏.
[12:43.38]One thing,however,is certain:
[12:45.26]不过有一件是确定的:
[12:47.14]you should schedule a minimum of one hour of study for each classroom hour.
[12:50.17]第一次上课时间你至少安排一小时,
[12:53.20]In many cases, more will be required.
[12:55.48]许多情况下可能需要更多一些.
[12:57.77]Message 6. Keep your schedule flexible.
[13:00.29]信息6. 使你的日程表有弹性.
[13:02.81]A good schedule must have a little give
[13:05.15]一份好的日程表必须有一点弹性,
[13:07.49]so that special projects can be taken care of properly.
[13:09.85]使特别的项目能得到适当的处理.
[13:12.22]Think out and prepare your schedule each week
[13:14.24]深思熟虑,准备你每周的时间表,
[13:16.26]and do not become a slave to an inflexible pattern.
[13:18.79]不要成为不可改变模式的奴隶.
[13:21.31]Adjust it as you deem necessary.
[13:23.23]你认为必要时就加以调整.
[13:25.15]Message 7. Study first--fun later.
[13:27.97] 信息7. 先学习,后娱乐.
[13:30.79]You will enjoy your fun time more
[13:34.45]after you have completed your study responsibilities.
[13:36.93]完成你的学习任务后,你就会更大好地享受娱乐时间.
[13:39.41]So,where possible,schedule your study hours in advance of fun activities.
[13:43.18]因此,在可能的时候,把你的学习时间安排在娱乐活动之前.
[13:46.96]Message 8. Study some each class day.
[13:49.48]信息8.每个学习日都要学一点.
[13:52.00]Some concentrated study each day
[13:54.08]每天做一些集中精力的学习
[13:56.15]is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next.
[13:58.94]比一天学好几个小时,第二天却不学要好.
[14:01.72]As you work out your individual schedule,
[14:03.76]制定你的时间表时,
[14:05.79]attempt to include a minimum of two study hours each day.
[14:08.31]试着每天安排至少两个小时的学习时间.
[14:10.83]This will not only keep the study habit alive
[14:13.07]这样将不但保持学习习惯,
[14:15.30]but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects.
[14:17.93]而且可以使你了解你的课程任务和项目的当前情况.
[14:20.55]Few beginning freshmen can control their time effectively without a written schedule,
[14:23.58]没有几个初学的新生不写下日程表就能有效地支配他们的时间的.
[14:26.61]so why kid yourself into thinking you don't need one?
[14:28.83]那么,为什么要哄骗自己,认为你不需要一份日程表呢?
[14:31.05]You do.Later on,when you have had more experience
[14:34.03]你仍是需要的.当你有了更多的经验,
[14:37.01]and you have the time-control habit,you may be able to operate without it.
[14:39.93]有了支配时间的习惯,你才可能不用时间表而进行学习.
[14:42.86]Of course the schedule is only the first step.
[14:45.15]当然,日程表只是第一步.
[14:47.43]Once you have it prepared,you must stick with it and follow it faithfully.
[14:50.76]一旦你准备好了日程表,你必须踏实地坚持,遵从.
[14:54.09]You must push away the many temptations
[14:56.17]你必须抵御经常存在的许多诱惑,
[14:58.25]that are always presentor your schedule is useless.
[15:00.91]否则你的日程表就没用了.
[15:03.58]Your schedule will give you control only if you make it work.
[15:06.54]只有让你的时间表起作用,它才能支配你的时间.
