词语翻译与语言语境(3)
教程:笔译技巧与经验  浏览:1653  
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      (2)据传说,五十年代中期,渠那边庄子有一个黄花闺女,为了抗拒父母包办的婚姻,大白天就跑过斗渠到这屋里来上吊。这是个上吊的好地方,屋顶上没有顶棚,弯弯扭扭的木头椽子露在外面,随便哪根椽子都可以搭上绳子。

      As a story goes in the mid 1950s there lived in a hamlet over the other side of the gully a maiden who was in protest against her parents' dictatorially arranged marriage escaped in broad daylight across the gully, slipped into this hut -- and hanged herself! There was no ceiling, only crooked, bare rafters overhead, conveniently accessible for a rope to hang from. A most suitable place, indeed, for such a purpose.

      (张贤亮《男人的一半是女人》,许孟雄译)

      “好地方”原本是一个褒义词,流露出说话人自豪、赞扬的感情色彩,如歌曲名《咱们新疆好地方》。然而,当“好地方”与“上吊”搭配在一起时,“好地方”褒义的感情色彩消失,因此绝不能译作a good place或是a perfect place,否则岂不成了幸灾乐祸?译者将“好地方”用中性词组a most suitable place来表达,恰如其分地反映出作者隐藏在平静的叙述背后的惋惜和愤懑。

      (3)我在学校读书的时候,有所谓“强迫运动”,我踢破过几双球鞋,打断过几只球拍。因此侥幸维持下来最低限度的体力。

      In my school days, in response to the so-called "compulsory physical exercises", i went in for many sports at the expense of many pairs of sneakers and rackets, thus luckily building up a minimum of good physique.

      (梁实秋《时间即生命》,张培基译)

      forced和coercive都是汉英词典中队“强迫”一词给出的常见译法,但在翻译此例时不可机械地套用字典是这两个现成的译法。根据《朗文当代英语词典》(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English,1995年修订版,以下简称LDCE)的解释,forced指done unwillingly and with effort, not because of any sincere felling,而coercive意为using threats or orders to make someone do something they do not want to do。从词典的释义可以看出,forced和coercive都含有“受到威胁而被迫所作”之意。在原文的语言环境中,“强迫”一词加上了引号,且与“学校”、“运动”和“所谓”等词同时出现,而上下文中又提到作者积极参与其中,还用坏了许多体育用品。结合词语所在的语言环境,不难看出“强迫”在原文中显然并不具有“受到胁迫”这一本意,而是指学校规定的、要求学生参加的、为增强学生体质而开展的体育运动。从这个例子可以看出盲从词典的害处。词典不可不用,但也绝不可生搬硬套,否则译文难免与原文意旨相讹。
     

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