Florida Governor Ron DeSantis on Monday signed a law that bans children in the state under the age of 14 from having a social media account.
佛罗里达州州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯周一签署了一项法律，禁止该州14岁以下的儿童拥有社交媒体账户。
The measure requires parental permission before 14 and 15 year olds can sign up for personal social media accounts in Florida.
该法案要求14岁和15岁的孩子在佛罗里达州注册个人社交媒体账户之前得到父母的许可。
Supporters say the bill protects children from possible online harm, including threats to mental health and privacy.
支持者表示，该法案保护儿童免受可能的网络伤害，包括对心理健康和隐私的威胁。
Critics have said the law might violate the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment protection of free speech. Some opponents have said they think parents – not the government – should be the ones to decide which restrictions are best for their child. Meta, the parent company of Facebook, opposed the legislation for example.
批评人士说，这项法律可能违反美国宪法第一修正案对言论自由的保护。一些反对者表示，他们认为父母——而不是政府——应该决定哪些限制对他们的孩子最好。例如，Facebook的母公司Meta就反对这项立法。
Florida's legislature passed the law earlier this month. It was the second version of the measure. The first version, which passed Florida's legislature in February, would have completely banned children under age 16 from social media.
佛罗里达州立法机构本月早些时候通过了这项法律。这是该措施的第二个版本。今年2月，佛罗里达州立法机构通过了第一个版本，该版本将完全禁止16岁以下的儿童使用社交媒体。
DeSantis vetoed that version of the bill, saying he thought it was too restrictive of parental rights. But the governor's office worked with legislators to come up with a new measure he could support. The new law leaves it up to parents to decide whether their 16 and 17 year olds can sign up for social media accounts.
德桑蒂斯否决了该版本的法案，称他认为这对父母的权利限制太大。但州长办公室与立法者合作，提出了一项他可以支持的新措施。新法律让父母决定他们16岁和17岁的孩子是否可以注册社交媒体账户。
In a statement, DeSantis said research had repeatedly shown that social media services can harm children in several major ways. The legislation, he added, is designed to give parents "a greater ability to protect their children."
德桑蒂斯在一份声明中表示，研究一再表明，社交媒体服务可能会在几个主要方面伤害儿童。他补充说，这项立法的目的是让父母“更有能力保护自己的孩子”。
The law is set to take effect on January 1, 2025. But experts say the measure is likely to face legal challenges in court.
该法将于2025年1月1日生效。但专家表示，这项措施可能会在法庭上面临法律挑战。
DeSantis noted that another bill he signed into law two years ago was recently struck down by a federal appeals court. That law banned employers from requiring training sessions that included discussions about race, diversity and other issues. The appeals court ruled that such training methods violated the constitutional free speech rights of employers.
德桑蒂斯指出，他两年前签署的另一项法案最近被联邦上诉法院驳回。该法律禁止雇主要求培训课程包括讨论种族、多样性和其他问题。上诉法院裁定，这种培训方法侵犯了宪法赋予雇主的言论自由权。
The new law was guided through Florida's House of Representatives by Republican Speaker Paul Renner. At a bill-signing ceremony at a school, Renner said a child, whose brain is still developing, "doesn't have the ability to know that they're being sucked into these addictive technologies." He added, "Because of that, we have to step in for them."
这项新法律是由共和党议长保罗·雷纳在佛罗里达州众议院指导通过的。在一所学校的法案签署仪式上，雷纳说，孩子们的大脑仍在发育，“没有能力知道他们正在沉迷于这些令人上瘾的技术。”他补充说，“正因为如此，我们必须为他们挺身而出。”
The bill does not name any specific social media service. But it states that it targets social media sites using tools to get users to stay online for long periods. The measure does not cover services that mainly provide email, messaging or texting services.
该法案没有指明任何具体的社交媒体服务。但它表示，它的目标是社交媒体网站，使用工具让用户长时间在线。这项措施不包括主要提供电子邮件、短信或短信服务的服务。
The law requires social media companies to permanently remove personal information collected from closed accounts. And it lets parents bring civil lawsuits against services failing to do so.
该法律要求社交媒体公司永久删除从关闭账户中收集的个人信息。它允许家长对未能做到这一点的服务提起民事诉讼。
Several U.S. states have considered similar legislation. In March 2023, Utah became the first to enact laws covering children's use of social media. Measures in Arkansas, Louisiana, Ohio and Texas soon followed. Several other states are also developing new rules.
美国几个州也考虑过类似的立法。2023年3月，犹他州成为第一个制定儿童使用社交媒体法律的州。阿肯色州、路易斯安那州、俄亥俄州和德克萨斯州也紧随其后。其他几个州也在制定新的规定。
The Arkansas law required parental consent for minors to create new social media accounts. A federal judge blocked the law in August. The judge ruled the legislation was likely unconstitutional.
阿肯色州法律要求父母同意未成年人创建新的社交媒体账户。今年8月，一名联邦法官否决了该法案。法官裁定这项立法可能违宪。
Florida has enacted additional measures aimed at protecting children from possible technological harms. Last year, it became the first state to strongly restrict phones in schools. The law requires all public schools in Florida to ban student cellphone use and block social media services during class.
佛罗里达州已经颁布了额外的措施，旨在保护儿童免受可能的技术伤害。去年，它成为第一个严格限制在学校使用手机的州。该法律要求佛罗里达州所有公立学校禁止学生在课堂上使用手机并关闭社交媒体服务。
佛罗里达州州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯周一签署了一项法律，禁止该州14岁以下的儿童拥有社交媒体账户。
The measure requires parental permission before 14 and 15 year olds can sign up for personal social media accounts in Florida.
该法案要求14岁和15岁的孩子在佛罗里达州注册个人社交媒体账户之前得到父母的许可。
Supporters say the bill protects children from possible online harm, including threats to mental health and privacy.
支持者表示，该法案保护儿童免受可能的网络伤害，包括对心理健康和隐私的威胁。
Critics have said the law might violate the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment protection of free speech. Some opponents have said they think parents – not the government – should be the ones to decide which restrictions are best for their child. Meta, the parent company of Facebook, opposed the legislation for example.
批评人士说，这项法律可能违反美国宪法第一修正案对言论自由的保护。一些反对者表示，他们认为父母——而不是政府——应该决定哪些限制对他们的孩子最好。例如，Facebook的母公司Meta就反对这项立法。
Florida's legislature passed the law earlier this month. It was the second version of the measure. The first version, which passed Florida's legislature in February, would have completely banned children under age 16 from social media.
佛罗里达州立法机构本月早些时候通过了这项法律。这是该措施的第二个版本。今年2月，佛罗里达州立法机构通过了第一个版本，该版本将完全禁止16岁以下的儿童使用社交媒体。
DeSantis vetoed that version of the bill, saying he thought it was too restrictive of parental rights. But the governor's office worked with legislators to come up with a new measure he could support. The new law leaves it up to parents to decide whether their 16 and 17 year olds can sign up for social media accounts.
德桑蒂斯否决了该版本的法案，称他认为这对父母的权利限制太大。但州长办公室与立法者合作，提出了一项他可以支持的新措施。新法律让父母决定他们16岁和17岁的孩子是否可以注册社交媒体账户。
In a statement, DeSantis said research had repeatedly shown that social media services can harm children in several major ways. The legislation, he added, is designed to give parents "a greater ability to protect their children."
德桑蒂斯在一份声明中表示，研究一再表明，社交媒体服务可能会在几个主要方面伤害儿童。他补充说，这项立法的目的是让父母“更有能力保护自己的孩子”。
The law is set to take effect on January 1, 2025. But experts say the measure is likely to face legal challenges in court.
该法将于2025年1月1日生效。但专家表示，这项措施可能会在法庭上面临法律挑战。
DeSantis noted that another bill he signed into law two years ago was recently struck down by a federal appeals court. That law banned employers from requiring training sessions that included discussions about race, diversity and other issues. The appeals court ruled that such training methods violated the constitutional free speech rights of employers.
德桑蒂斯指出，他两年前签署的另一项法案最近被联邦上诉法院驳回。该法律禁止雇主要求培训课程包括讨论种族、多样性和其他问题。上诉法院裁定，这种培训方法侵犯了宪法赋予雇主的言论自由权。
The new law was guided through Florida's House of Representatives by Republican Speaker Paul Renner. At a bill-signing ceremony at a school, Renner said a child, whose brain is still developing, "doesn't have the ability to know that they're being sucked into these addictive technologies." He added, "Because of that, we have to step in for them."
这项新法律是由共和党议长保罗·雷纳在佛罗里达州众议院指导通过的。在一所学校的法案签署仪式上，雷纳说，孩子们的大脑仍在发育，“没有能力知道他们正在沉迷于这些令人上瘾的技术。”他补充说，“正因为如此，我们必须为他们挺身而出。”
The bill does not name any specific social media service. But it states that it targets social media sites using tools to get users to stay online for long periods. The measure does not cover services that mainly provide email, messaging or texting services.
该法案没有指明任何具体的社交媒体服务。但它表示，它的目标是社交媒体网站，使用工具让用户长时间在线。这项措施不包括主要提供电子邮件、短信或短信服务的服务。
The law requires social media companies to permanently remove personal information collected from closed accounts. And it lets parents bring civil lawsuits against services failing to do so.
该法律要求社交媒体公司永久删除从关闭账户中收集的个人信息。它允许家长对未能做到这一点的服务提起民事诉讼。
Several U.S. states have considered similar legislation. In March 2023, Utah became the first to enact laws covering children's use of social media. Measures in Arkansas, Louisiana, Ohio and Texas soon followed. Several other states are also developing new rules.
美国几个州也考虑过类似的立法。2023年3月，犹他州成为第一个制定儿童使用社交媒体法律的州。阿肯色州、路易斯安那州、俄亥俄州和德克萨斯州也紧随其后。其他几个州也在制定新的规定。
The Arkansas law required parental consent for minors to create new social media accounts. A federal judge blocked the law in August. The judge ruled the legislation was likely unconstitutional.
阿肯色州法律要求父母同意未成年人创建新的社交媒体账户。今年8月，一名联邦法官否决了该法案。法官裁定这项立法可能违宪。
Florida has enacted additional measures aimed at protecting children from possible technological harms. Last year, it became the first state to strongly restrict phones in schools. The law requires all public schools in Florida to ban student cellphone use and block social media services during class.
佛罗里达州已经颁布了额外的措施，旨在保护儿童免受可能的技术伤害。去年，它成为第一个严格限制在学校使用手机的州。该法律要求佛罗里达州所有公立学校禁止学生在课堂上使用手机并关闭社交媒体服务。
