New York City police recently arrested students at Columbia University who were protesting the war between Israel and Hamas.
纽约市警方最近逮捕了哥伦比亚大学抗议以色列和哈马斯之间战争的学生。
The University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles canceled a graduation speech by the school's valedictorian, who is Muslim.
位于洛杉矶的南加州大学取消了该校穆斯林毕业生代表的毕业演讲。
And demonstrators set up camps on the grounds of the University of Michigan, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Yale University in Connecticut. Harvard University near Boston closed Harvard Yard to outsiders.
示威者在康涅狄格州的密歇根大学、麻省理工学院和耶鲁大学的操场上安营扎寨。波士顿附近的哈佛大学对外人关闭了哈佛园。
University leaders are worried the unrest will disrupt the usual celebrations surrounding graduation.
大学领导担心，骚乱会扰乱通常的毕业庆祝活动。
Freedom of speech concerns
言论自由问题
Since the war between Israel and Hamas started after Hamas' attack on Israel last October 7, college leaders have struggled. They are unsure how to protect students and their freedom of speech.
自从去年10月7日哈马斯袭击以色列后，以色列和哈马斯之间的战争爆发以来，大学领导们一直在挣扎。他们不确定如何保护学生和他们的言论自由。
Recently, Columbia's president, Minouche Shafik, said the conflict in the Middle East is causing pain to both Jewish students and those who support Palestinians.
最近，哥伦比亚大学校长米努什·沙菲克表示，中东的冲突给犹太学生和支持巴勒斯坦人的人都带来了痛苦。
"But we cannot have one group dictate terms and attempt to disrupt important milestones like graduation to advance their point of view," she wrote in a message to the community.
“但我们不能让一个团体决定条款，并试图破坏毕业等重要里程碑，以推进他们的观点，”她在给社区的一条信息中写道。
History of protests
抗议的历史
College graduation ceremonies, known as commencements, have been marked by protests in the past. Last year, students at Boston University turned their backs on speaker David Zaslav in a show of support for Hollywood writers who were on strike. In 1990, students at the all-women's Wellesley College in Massachusetts protested then-First Lady Barbara Bush. They said the school should have invited a speaker known for her accomplishments, not those of her husband.
大学毕业典礼，也就是所谓的“毕业典礼”，过去就有过抗议活动。去年，波士顿大学的学生为了表示对罢工的好莱坞作家的支持，背对了演讲者David Zaslav。1990年，马萨诸塞州韦尔斯利女子学院的学生抗议当时的第一夫人芭芭拉·布什。他们说，学校应该邀请一位以她的成就而闻名的演讲者，而不是她丈夫的成就。
While those protests were peaceful, some university leaders are concerned about possible violence this year. Some Jewish students say they feel unsafe at their schools.
虽然那些抗议活动是和平的，但一些大学领导担心今年可能发生暴力事件。一些犹太学生表示，他们在学校感到不安全。
The University of Chicago Project on Security and Threats published a report in March about fear at U.S. colleges. The report said that more than half of Muslim and Jewish students felt "personal danger" in the past year.
芝加哥大学安全与威胁项目3月份发表了一份关于美国大学恐惧的报告。报告称，在过去的一年里，超过一半的穆斯林和犹太学生感到“人身危险”。
The Anti-Defamation League is a nonprofit organization that fights hatred of Jews. The group recently sent a letter to college and university presidents asking them to "take clear and decisive action" to make sure graduation ceremonies succeed.
反诽谤联盟是一个打击对犹太人仇恨的非营利组织。该组织最近致信高校校长，要求他们“采取明确而果断的行动”，确保毕业典礼取得成功。
One of the commencement speakers who might face protesters is President Joe Biden. He is expected to speak at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, and the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in New York state.
美国总统拜登可能会在毕业典礼上面对抗议者。预计他将在乔治亚州亚特兰大市的莫尔豪斯学院和纽约州西点军校发表演讲。
Protests likely to continue
抗议活动可能继续
Statements from university leaders, policy changes to prevent student protests and even arrests have not made a difference. One expert believes that students are correct to be upset about the actions of their university leaders. Edward Ahmed Mitchell is a lawyer and an official with the Council on American-Islamic Relations.
大学领导的声明、防止学生抗议甚至逮捕的政策变化都没有起到任何作用。一位专家认为，学生对学校领导的行为感到不安是正确的。爱德华·艾哈迈德·米切尔是美国-伊斯兰关系委员会的一名律师和官员。
Mitchell spoke about the cancellation of the student speech at USC. He said he was concerned that the school would not choose "a qualified visibly Muslim student who advocates for Palestine, to avoid what happened at USC."
米切尔谈到了南加州大学学生演讲的取消。他说，他担心学校不会选择“一名支持巴勒斯坦的合格穆斯林学生，以避免南加州大学发生的事情”。
At USC, the news that Asna Tabassum, a South Asian American Muslim, would not be permitted to give her commencement speech on May 10 led to days of protests.
在南加州大学，南亚穆斯林阿斯纳·塔巴苏姆不被允许在5月10日的毕业典礼上发表演讲的消息引发了数天的抗议活动。
Then, on April 25, USC said it would cancel the main part of its graduation ceremony, where Tabassum would have spoken and other well-known people would have appeared. The rest of the graduation activities will happen as planned, the school said.
然后，在4月25日，南加州大学表示将取消其毕业典礼的主要部分，塔巴苏姆将在那里发言，其他知名人士将出现。学校表示，其余的毕业活动将按计划进行。
"Schools are going to do more harm than good if they try to censor and silence commencement speakers," Mitchell added.
米切尔补充说:“如果学校试图审查并让毕业典礼上的演讲者沉默，那将弊大于利。”
More than ceasefire
不仅仅是停火
Other protests are demanding that schools cut ties to Israel or companies that support Israel's war effort. This includes companies that manufacture weapons sold to Israel. Students also want professors to stop taking money from the Israeli government if their research could be used for military technology.
其他抗议活动要求学校切断与以色列或支持以色列战争努力的公司的联系。这包括生产出售给以色列的武器的公司。学生们还希望教授们停止从以色列政府那里拿钱，如果他们的研究可以用于军事技术。
Mahmoud Khalil is a student protest leader at Columbia University. He said students have been asking the university to sell its investments related to Israel since 2002.
马哈茂德·哈利勒是哥伦比亚大学的学生抗议领袖。他说，自2002年以来，学生们一直要求该校出售与以色列有关的投资。
Some pro-Palestine protesters at MIT said the university has received $11 million from Israel's defense ministry in the last 10 years.
麻省理工学院的一些亲巴勒斯坦抗议者说，该大学在过去10年里从以色列国防部收到了1100万美元。
Quinn Perian is a second-year student at MIT and the leader of a Jewish student group calling for a ceasefire. Perian called MIT "complicit," adding that colleges should be held responsible for the part they play in the war.
奎因·佩里安是麻省理工学院的一名二年级学生，也是一个呼吁停火的犹太学生组织的领导人。佩里安称麻省理工学院是“同谋”，并补充说，大学应该为它们在战争中所扮演的角色负责。
At the University of Michigan, students said the university invests with companies that then invest in Israeli businesses. The university said only a small percentage of the money it invests goes to Israeli businesses and most of it is done indirectly.
密歇根大学的学生们表示，该校与公司一起投资，然后这些公司再投资以色列企业。该大学表示，其投资的资金中只有一小部分流向了以色列企业，大部分都是间接的。
Students at Yale, Harvard and Emerson College in Boston are all asking that their schools make their investments public. They want to know where the school's money goes and whether it supports Israel's military.
耶鲁大学、哈佛大学和波士顿爱默生学院的学生都要求学校公开他们的投资。他们想知道学校的钱都到哪里去了，这些钱是否支持了以色列军队。
Owen Buxton studies movies at Emerson College. Buxton was one of about 80 people present at a protest on school grounds. He recently spoke to the Associated Press, saying he did not plan to leave the protest.
欧文·巴克斯顿在爱默生学院学习电影。巴克斯顿是参加校园抗议活动的约80人之一。他最近对美联社说，他不打算离开抗议活动。
"I would love to go home and have a shower," Buxton said. "But I will not leave until we reach our demands, or I am dragged out by police."
巴克斯顿说:“我很想回家洗个澡。”“但在我们达到要求之前，我不会离开，否则我会被警察拖出去。”
纽约市警方最近逮捕了哥伦比亚大学抗议以色列和哈马斯之间战争的学生。
The University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles canceled a graduation speech by the school's valedictorian, who is Muslim.
位于洛杉矶的南加州大学取消了该校穆斯林毕业生代表的毕业演讲。
And demonstrators set up camps on the grounds of the University of Michigan, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Yale University in Connecticut. Harvard University near Boston closed Harvard Yard to outsiders.
示威者在康涅狄格州的密歇根大学、麻省理工学院和耶鲁大学的操场上安营扎寨。波士顿附近的哈佛大学对外人关闭了哈佛园。
University leaders are worried the unrest will disrupt the usual celebrations surrounding graduation.
大学领导担心，骚乱会扰乱通常的毕业庆祝活动。
Freedom of speech concerns
言论自由问题
Since the war between Israel and Hamas started after Hamas' attack on Israel last October 7, college leaders have struggled. They are unsure how to protect students and their freedom of speech.
自从去年10月7日哈马斯袭击以色列后，以色列和哈马斯之间的战争爆发以来，大学领导们一直在挣扎。他们不确定如何保护学生和他们的言论自由。
Recently, Columbia's president, Minouche Shafik, said the conflict in the Middle East is causing pain to both Jewish students and those who support Palestinians.
最近，哥伦比亚大学校长米努什·沙菲克表示，中东的冲突给犹太学生和支持巴勒斯坦人的人都带来了痛苦。
"But we cannot have one group dictate terms and attempt to disrupt important milestones like graduation to advance their point of view," she wrote in a message to the community.
“但我们不能让一个团体决定条款，并试图破坏毕业等重要里程碑，以推进他们的观点，”她在给社区的一条信息中写道。
History of protests
抗议的历史
College graduation ceremonies, known as commencements, have been marked by protests in the past. Last year, students at Boston University turned their backs on speaker David Zaslav in a show of support for Hollywood writers who were on strike. In 1990, students at the all-women's Wellesley College in Massachusetts protested then-First Lady Barbara Bush. They said the school should have invited a speaker known for her accomplishments, not those of her husband.
大学毕业典礼，也就是所谓的“毕业典礼”，过去就有过抗议活动。去年，波士顿大学的学生为了表示对罢工的好莱坞作家的支持，背对了演讲者David Zaslav。1990年，马萨诸塞州韦尔斯利女子学院的学生抗议当时的第一夫人芭芭拉·布什。他们说，学校应该邀请一位以她的成就而闻名的演讲者，而不是她丈夫的成就。
While those protests were peaceful, some university leaders are concerned about possible violence this year. Some Jewish students say they feel unsafe at their schools.
虽然那些抗议活动是和平的，但一些大学领导担心今年可能发生暴力事件。一些犹太学生表示，他们在学校感到不安全。
The University of Chicago Project on Security and Threats published a report in March about fear at U.S. colleges. The report said that more than half of Muslim and Jewish students felt "personal danger" in the past year.
芝加哥大学安全与威胁项目3月份发表了一份关于美国大学恐惧的报告。报告称，在过去的一年里，超过一半的穆斯林和犹太学生感到“人身危险”。
The Anti-Defamation League is a nonprofit organization that fights hatred of Jews. The group recently sent a letter to college and university presidents asking them to "take clear and decisive action" to make sure graduation ceremonies succeed.
反诽谤联盟是一个打击对犹太人仇恨的非营利组织。该组织最近致信高校校长，要求他们“采取明确而果断的行动”，确保毕业典礼取得成功。
One of the commencement speakers who might face protesters is President Joe Biden. He is expected to speak at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, and the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in New York state.
美国总统拜登可能会在毕业典礼上面对抗议者。预计他将在乔治亚州亚特兰大市的莫尔豪斯学院和纽约州西点军校发表演讲。
Protests likely to continue
抗议活动可能继续
Statements from university leaders, policy changes to prevent student protests and even arrests have not made a difference. One expert believes that students are correct to be upset about the actions of their university leaders. Edward Ahmed Mitchell is a lawyer and an official with the Council on American-Islamic Relations.
大学领导的声明、防止学生抗议甚至逮捕的政策变化都没有起到任何作用。一位专家认为，学生对学校领导的行为感到不安是正确的。爱德华·艾哈迈德·米切尔是美国-伊斯兰关系委员会的一名律师和官员。
Mitchell spoke about the cancellation of the student speech at USC. He said he was concerned that the school would not choose "a qualified visibly Muslim student who advocates for Palestine, to avoid what happened at USC."
米切尔谈到了南加州大学学生演讲的取消。他说，他担心学校不会选择“一名支持巴勒斯坦的合格穆斯林学生，以避免南加州大学发生的事情”。
At USC, the news that Asna Tabassum, a South Asian American Muslim, would not be permitted to give her commencement speech on May 10 led to days of protests.
在南加州大学，南亚穆斯林阿斯纳·塔巴苏姆不被允许在5月10日的毕业典礼上发表演讲的消息引发了数天的抗议活动。
Then, on April 25, USC said it would cancel the main part of its graduation ceremony, where Tabassum would have spoken and other well-known people would have appeared. The rest of the graduation activities will happen as planned, the school said.
然后，在4月25日，南加州大学表示将取消其毕业典礼的主要部分，塔巴苏姆将在那里发言，其他知名人士将出现。学校表示，其余的毕业活动将按计划进行。
"Schools are going to do more harm than good if they try to censor and silence commencement speakers," Mitchell added.
米切尔补充说:“如果学校试图审查并让毕业典礼上的演讲者沉默，那将弊大于利。”
More than ceasefire
不仅仅是停火
Other protests are demanding that schools cut ties to Israel or companies that support Israel's war effort. This includes companies that manufacture weapons sold to Israel. Students also want professors to stop taking money from the Israeli government if their research could be used for military technology.
其他抗议活动要求学校切断与以色列或支持以色列战争努力的公司的联系。这包括生产出售给以色列的武器的公司。学生们还希望教授们停止从以色列政府那里拿钱，如果他们的研究可以用于军事技术。
Mahmoud Khalil is a student protest leader at Columbia University. He said students have been asking the university to sell its investments related to Israel since 2002.
马哈茂德·哈利勒是哥伦比亚大学的学生抗议领袖。他说，自2002年以来，学生们一直要求该校出售与以色列有关的投资。
Some pro-Palestine protesters at MIT said the university has received $11 million from Israel's defense ministry in the last 10 years.
麻省理工学院的一些亲巴勒斯坦抗议者说，该大学在过去10年里从以色列国防部收到了1100万美元。
Quinn Perian is a second-year student at MIT and the leader of a Jewish student group calling for a ceasefire. Perian called MIT "complicit," adding that colleges should be held responsible for the part they play in the war.
奎因·佩里安是麻省理工学院的一名二年级学生，也是一个呼吁停火的犹太学生组织的领导人。佩里安称麻省理工学院是“同谋”，并补充说，大学应该为它们在战争中所扮演的角色负责。
At the University of Michigan, students said the university invests with companies that then invest in Israeli businesses. The university said only a small percentage of the money it invests goes to Israeli businesses and most of it is done indirectly.
密歇根大学的学生们表示，该校与公司一起投资，然后这些公司再投资以色列企业。该大学表示，其投资的资金中只有一小部分流向了以色列企业，大部分都是间接的。
Students at Yale, Harvard and Emerson College in Boston are all asking that their schools make their investments public. They want to know where the school's money goes and whether it supports Israel's military.
耶鲁大学、哈佛大学和波士顿爱默生学院的学生都要求学校公开他们的投资。他们想知道学校的钱都到哪里去了，这些钱是否支持了以色列军队。
Owen Buxton studies movies at Emerson College. Buxton was one of about 80 people present at a protest on school grounds. He recently spoke to the Associated Press, saying he did not plan to leave the protest.
欧文·巴克斯顿在爱默生学院学习电影。巴克斯顿是参加校园抗议活动的约80人之一。他最近对美联社说，他不打算离开抗议活动。
"I would love to go home and have a shower," Buxton said. "But I will not leave until we reach our demands, or I am dragged out by police."
巴克斯顿说:“我很想回家洗个澡。”“但在我们达到要求之前，我不会离开，否则我会被警察拖出去。”
