5.5 疑问代词和连接代词
5.5.1 疑问代词
疑问代词有下面这些：
1)who在句中多用作主语或表语：
Who did this? 这是谁干的？
Who would like to go with us? 谁想和我们一块儿去？
Who are those girls？——They're Tom's daughters. 那些女孩是谁?——她们是汤姆的女儿。
在口语中也常用作宾语：
Who did you meet at the party? 你在晚会上碰到谁了？
Who did you go with? 你和谁一道去的？
I'm writing a letter. "Who to?" “我在写信。”“写给谁?”
在笔语或正式文体中不宜这样用。
2) whom在句中用作宾语或介词的宾语：
Whom did you see? 你见到谁了？
Whom are you writing to? 你在给谁写信？
You saw whom? 你见到谁了？
在紧跟介词时只能用whom，不能用who：
To whom should I write? 我应当给谁写信？
To whom did you give the parcel? 你把包裹给谁了？
With whom did she come? 她和谁一道来的？
3) whose表示“谁的”，可用作：
a. 定语：
Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的雨伞？
Whose fault is it? 这得怪谁？
b. 主语：
Whose won the first prize? 谁的获了头奖？
Whose is better, yours or hers? 谁的好一些，你的还是她的？
c. 表语：
Whose are these? 这些是谁的？
d. 宾语：
Whose are you going to borrow? 你准备借谁的？
4) what和which都可在句中用作：
a. 主语：
What's your plan, then? 那么你有什么计划？
What's up? 出了什么事？
Which is your seat? 哪是你的座位？
Which of them came late? 他们谁迟到了？
b. 宾语或介词宾语：
What can we do about it? 这事我们有什么办法？
What's all this about? 这一切都是怎么回事？
Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? 你愿喝咖啡还是茶？
Which of them should I speak to? 我该和他们中的谁谈？
c. 定语：
What color are the curtains? 窗帘是什么颜色的？
What day is today? 今天星期几？
Which way should we go? 我们应往那边走？
At which station should I change trains? 我应在哪一站换车？
△what还可用作表语：
What's your sister? 你姐姐是干什么的？
5) whoever和whatever是who和what的强调形式：
Whoever heard of such a thing? 谁听说过这样的事？
Whoever could be phoning so late at night? 这么晚了会是谁来电话？
Whatever do you mean? 你到底是什么意思？
Whatever happened to her? 她到底出了什么事？
5.5.2 连接代词
连接代词与疑问代词同形，引导各种从句，在从句中它们可用作：
1) 主语：
I asked him who came into the room. 我问他谁到屋里来了。
No one can tell what will happen next. 谁也说不出下一步将发生什么情况。
The twins are so much alike that I never know which is which. 那对孪生兄弟长得那么相像，我老弄不清谁是谁。
I can't tell whose is better. 我说不上谁的好一些。
2) 宾语（在口语中可用主格）：
I asked him whom he saw. 我问他看见谁了。
I don't care what he thinks. 我不管他怎么想。
Ask him which he wants. 问问他要哪一个。
I don't know who(m) you mean. 我不知道你指谁。
3) 介词宾语（在口语中有时可用who，但紧接介词之后时只能用whom）：
I wonder who he's talking to. 我不知道他在和谁讲话。
I wonder to whom he had addressed the letter. 我不知道他把信写给谁。
Remember what we're here for. 记住我们来这里要干什么。
She couldn't decide which she should listen to. 她不能确定她该听哪一个。
4) 表语：
Do you know what that girl's father is? 你知道那女孩的父亲是干什么的吗？
She demanded to know whose the child was. 她要求知道这孩子是谁的。
I can't recall what his name was. 我记不起他叫什么名字了。
It was so dark that I couldn't tell who was who. 天那样黑，我分不清谁是谁。
5) 定语：
I wonder whose house that is. 我不知道那是谁的房子。
I asked him what clothes I should wear. 我问他我应穿什么衣服。
Let me know which train you'll be arriving on. 告诉我你将坐哪趟火车。
连接代词还可引导不定式短语，多作宾语或介词宾语：
We can't decide whom to invite. 我们不能决定该邀请谁。
I don't know who to ask advice from . 我不知道应当向谁请教。
They exchanged views on the question of whom to elect. 他们就选谁的问题交换了意见。
We must decide what to do with her. 我们必须决定怎么处置她。
He didn't say anything about what to do. 他只字未说该怎么办。
She couldn't decide which to buy. 她不能决定该买哪一个。
5.5.3 关系代词型的what
what可引导从句，表示“the thing which...”，例如：
That's what I want to know. 这正是我想知道的事。
What you said was quite right. 你说的话完全正确。
Show me what you have in your hand. 把你手上的东西给我看看。
这种what引导的从句，相当于“一个名词+关系从句”：
what you need 你需要的东西
what I want to say 我想说的话
what I don't understand 我所不能理解的
what we have to consider 我们必须考虑的（事）
因此，这种what称为“关系代词型的what”(Relative what)，它引导的从句在句中可用作：
1) 主语：
What she saw gave her a little fright. 她看到的情况使她有点惊恐。
What you need is a warm sweater. 你需要的是一件暖和的毛衣。
What I'm afraid of is their taking him to Boston. 我担心的是他们把他带往波士顿。
2) 宾语：
I cannot do what you asked me to do. 我不能做你要求我做的事。
She began to criticize what he had done. 她开始批评他的所做所为。
I'll do what I can. 我将尽力而为。
3) 介词宾语：
He was depressed by what he had gone through. 他经历的事使他感到抑郁。
Don't poke your nose into what doesn't concern you. 别多管闲事。
The city isn't much different from what it was ten years ago. 这座城市和十年前相比没有多大变化。
4) 表语：
I should like to be a teacher. That's what I want to be. 我想当老师，这是我的愿望。
Times aren't what they were. 时代不同了。
Your mother's health is not what it ought to be. 你母亲的健康状况不理想。
5) 插入语：
Then I discovered, what was news to me, that his wife was your cousin. 这时我发现了一件新鲜事，他的妻子是你的表妹。
He is an interesting speaker, and, what's more important, he knows hissubject thoroughly. 他讲话很风趣，更重要的是，他对所讲的话题了解得很透彻。
He went to the meeting and, what was worse, insisted on speaking. 他去参加了会议，更糟糕的是，他还坚持要发言。
在从句中what有时用作定语：
What little he said on the subject was full of wisdom. 对这问题他的寥寥数语中充满了智慧。
What few friends I have here have been very kind to me. 我这里的少数几个朋友都对我很好。
What education I have is fragmentary, sketchy. 我受的那点教育都是支离破碎的，很肤浅。
I will give you what help I can. 我将尽量给你帮忙。
5.5.4 由ever构成的连接代词
1) who(m)， what， which都可以和ever构成连接代词，也有人称作连词，可在句中引导状语从句，表示“不管…”：
I'll find the person who did this, whoever he is. 我将找出干这事的人，不管他是谁。
Whoever else may object, I mean to do it. 不管还有谁反对，我都将这样做。
Whoever rings, tell him I'm out. 不管谁来电话，都告诉他我不在家。
I'll post that letter whatever Wilson says. 不管威尔逊怎么说，我都要把那封信发出去。
Whatever happens, I'm going. 不管发生什么事，我都要走。
Whatever weather it is, we shall start at 9 o'clock. 不管天气怎样，我们都九点出发。
Whichever you choose, the others will be offended. 不管你选谁，其他人总会不高兴。
British foreign policy remains the same, whichever party is in power. 不管哪个党执政，英国的外交政策都保持不变。
Whichever road you take, the drive won't be more than an hour.不管你走哪条路，开车去都不到一小时。
2) 这类代词还可引导名词性从句，表示“任何…的人（或东西）”，在句中用作：
a. 主语：
Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage. 凡是责任者都得赔偿损失。
Whoever you invite will be welcome. 凡你邀请的人都在欢迎之列。
Whatever I have is at your service. 我所有的东西任凭你使用。
Whichever you want is yours. 任何东西你想要就归你。
b. 宾语：
They may marry who(m)ever they desire. 他们可以娶任何他们想娶的人。
I'll just say whatever comes into my head. 我想到什么就说什么。
I said he might have whichever he liked. 我说他喜欢哪个就拿哪个。
Take whichever seat you like. 你愿坐哪儿就坐哪儿。
c. 介词宾语：
I want to speak to whoever is in charge. 我想和随便哪个负责人谈谈。
Talk to me about whatever is troubling you. 跟我谈谈任何使你烦心的事。
She might live in whichever room she liked. 她愿住哪个房间都可以。
