13.3 第二类句型——主语+及物动词+宾语
13.3.1 主语+及物动词+名词（代词）（5）
1)“主+谓+宾”可能是英语中最常见的句型，在多数情况下宾语由名词或代词表示：
Do you know these people (them)? 你认识这些人（他们）吗？
I'll have vanilla ice-cream. 我要香草冰淇淋。
The orchestra played the National Anthem. 管弦乐队演奏了国歌。
He loved poetry. 他喜欢诗。
Have you ordered your meal? 你点饭菜了吗？
We took the early flight to Brussels. 我们乘早班飞机去布鲁塞尔。
What did he say? 他怎么说？
Silence means consent. （谚）沉默意味着同意。
Shall I call a taxi? 我要不要叫一辆出租车？
He left school in 1998. 他1998年从学校毕业。
They found a cure for cancer. 他们找到了一个治疗癌症的方法。
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X rays. 威廉·容特根发现了X光。
2) 有些动词和名词构成一种习惯用语（Idiom），有特别的意思：
Don't catch cold. 别感冒了。
This theory doesn't hold water. 这种理论站不住脚。
Make haste, or we shall be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。
At the end of the week George took leave. 周末时乔治告辞离去。
This sentence doesn't make sense. 这句子毫无意义。
She's always making a fuss. 她老是大惊小怪。
We'll make room for you in the back of the car. 我们将在车后部为你腾地方。
She's always making trouble for her friends. 她老给朋友们制造麻烦。
The storm played havoc with the orchard. 暴风雨给果园造成了巨大损害。
Other airlines also followed suit. 别的航空公司也照着做了。
Take care! The ice is thin. 当心！冰很薄。
When will the drug take effect? 这药什么时候开始起作用？
He always takes pains with his work. 他工作一向尽心尽力。
The action of the play takes place in ancient Rome. 这出戏的故事发生在古罗马。
The idea took root in his mind. 这想法在他脑中扎了根。
He always takes offence at any kind of criticism. 听到任何批评意见他都会生气。
13.3.2 主语+及物动词+自身代词（6）
1) 有大量动词可以用自身代词作宾语：
I can't express myself in English. 我不会用英语表达自己的思想。
He reproached himself for his rudeness. 他为自己的无礼而自责。
Now I'll introduce myself. 现在我来自我介绍一下。
He often contradicts himself. 他常常自相矛盾。
She saw herself in the mirror. 她在镜子里看到了自己。
I can support myself. 我能自己养活自己。
Don't deceive yourself. 不要自己骗自己。
She killed herself by jumping into the well. 她跳井自杀了。
I asked myself several questions. 我问了自己几个问题。
They blamed themselves for the accident. 他们为事故而自责。
This refrigerator defrosts itself. 这台冰箱能自动除霜。
有些成语动词后也可跟自身代词：
Look after yourself. 照顾好自己。
Take care of yourselves. 自己保重。
2)“动词+自身代词”可构成固定词组：
Don't overwork yourself. 别让自己太劳累。
Are you enjoying yourselves? 你们玩得好吗？
She prided herself on her financial success. 她为她经济上的成就而感到自豪。
She busied herself tidying up her desk. 她忙着整理她的书桌。
Why did you absent yourself (from school) yesterday? 你昨天为什么缺席（课）？
They seated themselves on the bench. 他们在长凳上坐了下来。
Help yourself to a beer. 请喝杯啤酒。
He excused himself from the meeting. 他请求不参加会议。
You must behave yourself at the party. 在晚会上你要规矩一点。
Pull yourself together and try and eat something. 打起精神来，多少吃点东西。
Don't strain yourself talking, dear. 亲爱的，别说得太累。
He distinguished himself in the examination. 他在考试中表现出色。
3) 有些动词后可跟自身代词，也可以不跟：
13.3.3 主语+动词+同源宾语（7）
有些动词通常为不及物动词，都可用一个与之同源的名词构成宾语，这种宾语称为同源宾语（Cognate Object）：
Alice laughed a scornful laugh. 爱丽丝鄙夷地笑了笑。
He could sleep the peaceful sleep of the young. 他可以睡得像年轻人那样平静。
He smiled a strange smile. 他古怪地笑了笑。
As he slept, he dreamed a dream. 他睡觉时做了一个梦。
She closed her eyes and wished a wish. 她闭上眼睛许了一个愿。
She lived a long happy life and died a natural death. 她一生幸福长寿，寿终正寝。
They were to dance the Rose-dance together. 他们将在一起跳玫瑰舞。
He said his say and then sat down. 他说完他的话然后坐下。
13.3.4 主语+成语动词+宾语
成语动词大体上有下面六类：
1) 及物动词+副词（8）：
He handed in his resignation this morning. 他今天上午递交了辞呈。
Cross out those two sentences. 把那两句划掉。
They brought forward a new scheme of taxation. 他们提出了一个新的征税计划。
You could only bring about her misery. 你只会给她带来痛苦。
Overwork brought on insomnia. 过度劳累造成失眠。
He had carried out our instructions to the letter. 他不折不扣地执行了我们的指示。
She has put aside a good sum of money. 她存了一大笔钱。
All the chestnut trees have put forth blossoms. 所有的栗树都开花了。
Who put forward such a view? 谁提出了这样的观点？
We can put off the meeting. 我们可以推迟开会。
副词有时可放到宾语后面去：
I'm not putting my meaning across very well. 我没把我的意思讲清楚。
We can put it off one more week. 我们可以把它再推迟一星期。
I'll put the particulars down in my notebook. 我将把详细情况记在笔记本上。
Put your coat on. 把外套穿上。
Take your shoes off, please. 请把鞋脱掉。
I'll think it over. 我要好好想一想。
这类句子也可用于被动结构：
The rebellion was put down with extreme brutality. 这次叛乱被极其残酷地镇压下去了。
The meeting has been put off. 会议被推迟了。
Another supermarket has been put up near our house. 我们家附近又建了一座超级市场。
A guerilla warfare was carried on successfully there. 在那里游击战进行得很成功。
2) 不及物动词+介词（9）：
We must abide by the rules of the game. 我们必须遵守游戏规则。
The Yellowstone Park abounds in wild animals. 黄石公园有大量的野生动物。
They will not agree to that arrangement. 他们不会同意那样的安排。
I called upon Mrs. Froster this evening. 今晚我去拜访了佛罗斯特夫人。
She's been looking after the luggage. 她一直在照看行李。
He was looking for summer employment. 他在找暑期工作。
We'll look into this matter together. 我们一道来调查这件事。
He came on an old friend in thelibrary. 他在图书馆碰到一位老朋友。
I don't object to the idea. 我不反对这个意见。
Her suggestion met with opposition. 她的建议遭到反对。
He thought of his boyhood. 他想起了他的童年。
Light consists of waves. 光由光波构成。
个别这种成语动词也可用于被动结构：
The baby was looked after by her little sister. 宝宝由她的小姐姐照看。
Many difficulties and setbacks will be met with. 会碰到很多困难挫折。
3) 不及物动词+介词+名词（10）：
Thus the first workers' league came into being. 就这样第一个工人联盟诞生了。
Their hydrangeas were coming into flower. 他们的绣球花正在绽放。
The treaty will come into force next month. 条约下月生效。
The spring term had come to an end. 春季学期结束了。
The old building was falling into pieces. 那座老楼要崩塌了。
He rose to his feet to reply to the speech of welcome. 他站起身答谢欢迎词。
Stand at attention! 立正！
Don't stand on ceremony. 不要客气。
Soon he went to sleep. 不一会儿他就睡着了。
She went to pieces when she heard her daughter was in the hospital. 听说女儿住院，她精神崩溃了。
Don't fall into bad habits. 不要养成坏习惯。
在这类结构中虽然介词后有宾语，但整个成语却接近于一个不及物动词，后面没有句子宾语，为了方便列在这里，放在13.2.3节后也可以。
4) 不及物动词+副词+介词（11）：
We shouldn't look down on this work. 我们不应当看不起这种工作。
The children were eagerly looking forward to the party. 孩子们都急切盼望着这个晚会。
Look out for snakes. 当心蛇。
The window looks out on the flower-beds. 窗子面对着花坛。
He will carry on with his plan. 他将继续推行他的计划。
We must catch up with them. 我们必须赶上他们。
The teacher came down on me for talking in class. 因为我在课堂上讲话老师批评了我。
Many Congressmen came (cried) out against the bill. 许多国会议员表示反对这项法案。
This town dates back to Roman times. 这座城市罗马时代就有了。
They have done away with this barbarous custom. 他们破除了这个野蛮的习俗。
We must face up to our difficulties. 我们必须勇敢地面对困难。
He doesn't feel up to the job. 他感觉不能胜任这项工作。
这类成语动词有时可用于被动结构：
They are looked down on by everyone. 谁都瞧不起他们。
The day had been looked forward to for a month. 这个日子大家已盼望了一个月了。
These privileges must be done away with. 这些特权应当废除。
The truth has to be faced up to. 必须正视事实。
5) 及物动词+名词+介词（12）：
Pay attention to your grammar. 注意你的语法。
I'll take care of it. 我来料理此事。
A bad workman finds fault with his tools. 拙匠常怪工具差。
We've lost touch with him. 我们和他失去了联系。
Suddenly he caught sight of Mary. 突然他瞧见了玛丽。
The depression gave rise to wide spread unemployment. 经济萧条引起了广泛的失业。
The book soon found favour with the American public. 这书很快受到美国公众的欢迎。
The naughty boy takes great delight in pulling the dog's tail. 那调皮男孩喜欢拉狗尾巴。
She always takes particular notice of me. 她总是特别注意我。
He made friends with the other boys. 他和其他男孩子交了朋友。
Then he gave place to a younger man. 后来他把位置让给了一个较年轻的人。
He made no reference to Peter. 他没有提到彼得。
这类成语动词也可用于被动结构：
The matter has never been paid attention to (No attention has ever been paid to this matter). 这问题从来没被注意过。
No reference was made by anyone to the past. 没有任何人提到过去。
Preparations are being made for the sports meet. 运动会的准备工作正在进行。
She's well taken care of. 她受到很好的照顾。
6) 及物动词+自身代词+介词（13）：
Finally he avenged himself on the enemy. 最后他向敌人报了仇。
He had to accustom himself to the cold weather here. 他得让自己习惯于这里的寒冷天气。
Help yourself to some more meat (vegetable). 再吃点肉（蔬菜）吧。
He applied himself to the task before him. 他致力于眼前的工作。
He availed himself of the opportunity to speak to her. 他利用这机会和她说话。
She abandoned herself to despair. 她陷入绝望之中。
She dedicated herself to conserving our natural resources. 她致力于保护我们的自然资源。
He devoted himself to helping the poor. 他献身于帮助穷人的工作。
She has to familiarize herself with the use of the new tool. 她得让自己熟悉新工具的用法。
I must accommodate myself to your plan. 我必须使自己适应你的计划。
They no longer troubled themselves about him. 他们不再为他烦心了。
You must reconcile yourself to a life of hardship and poverty. 你必须让自己安于一种艰难困苦的生活。
13.3.5 主语+及物动词+不定式（作宾语）
1) 有大量及物动词可以跟不定式作宾语（14）：
Someone is asking to see you. 有人要求见你。
We can't afford to pay such a price. 我们出不起这样高的价钱。
I can't bear to see you like this. 我不忍看你这个样子。
I didn't expect to find you here. 我没想到在这里看见你。
He decided to move to Chicago. 他决定搬到芝加哥去。
They demanded to see my passport. 他们要求验看我的护照。
She longed to be back in England. 她渴望回英国。
She hated to lose her temper. 她不愿发脾气。
He offered to lend me some books. 他主动提出借我几本书。
He promised to see her home. 他答应送她回家。
You must try to improve. 你必须设法改进。
I don't wish to leave my mother. 我不愿意离开我母亲。
关于这种结构可参阅第12.1.4节。
2) 有些动词后可用连接副词（代词）和不定式一道构成宾语（15）：
You must learn when to give advice and when to be silent. 你得学会什么时候出主意什么时候沉默。
He explained how to use the parachute. 他讲解了如何使用降落伞。
Ask him where to go. 问他该往哪里走。
I don't know who to ask advice from. 我不知道该向谁请教。
I must think what to do. 我必须考虑怎么办。
He was wondering whether to follow her or to go upstairs. 他不知道该跟她走还是该上楼。
He forgot which way to go. 他忘了该走哪条路。
I discovered how to start the machine. 我弄懂了该怎样启动这台机器。
13.3.6 主语+及物动词+动名词（作宾语）（16）
Would you mind waiting a few minutes? 可否劳驾等几分钟？
Why have they delayed opening the new school ? 他们为什么推迟开办这所新学校？
I can't imagine lying like this, I would go crazy. 我不能想象这样躺着，我会发疯的。
I don't recommend buying that dictionary. 我不建议买那本字典。
I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。
I propose resting for half an hour. 我建议休息半小时。
Do you like reading novels? 你喜欢看小说吗？
She could not help feeling depressed. 她禁不住感到抑郁。
关于这种结构可参阅第12.2.3节。
13.3.7 主语+及物动词+that引导的从句（作宾语）（17）
1) 有大量动词可以跟that引导的从句作宾语（that有时可省略）：
I guess we'll leave now. 我想我们得走了。
Andrew heard that they were shortly leaving for South Africa. 安德鲁听说他们不久要去南非。
I hope that I have said nothing to pain you. 我希望我没说什么使你难过的话。
They proved that the earth was round. 他们证明地球是圆的。
I learn that he is in business in Boston. 听说他在波士顿做生意。
I felt I had little energy left. 我感觉一点力气都没有了。
We have to admit that he's a highly competent man. 我们得承认他是一个非常称职的人。
She never doubted that she was right. 她从未怀疑过她是对的。
He estimated that the vase was 3,000 years old. 他估计这花瓶已存在三千年了。
He claimed that he saw the accident. 他声称他目睹了这次车祸。
关于哪些动词后可跟这种成分作宾语，可参阅第21.4.1节。
2) 在某些动词后，从句中谓语（在美国）要用动词原形，在英国多用“should+动词原形”构成谓语（用动词原形的人也不少）：
I suggest that we (should) leave early for the airport. 我建议我们早点动身去机场。
She insisted that I (should) be present. 她坚持要我出席。
They demanded that the right to vote (should) be given to every adult. 他们要求给予每个成年人以选举权。
I'd recommend (that) you see a solicitor. 我建议你去找律师。
He proposed that we go into the city to see her. 他建议我们进城去找她。
He requested that they free the hostages. 他请求他们释放人质。
The situation requires that I (should) be there. 形势要求我待在那里。
Mrs. Godwin urged that he see her. 戈德温夫人敦促他去见她。
He asked that the message be given to Madame immediately. 他要求把这电报立即送给夫人。
I ordered (commanded) that we (should) attack at once. 我命令我们立即发起进攻。
13.3.8 主语+及物动词+连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句（18）
1) 有不少动词后面可跟连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句：
I didn't know where they had gone. 我不知道他们到哪里去了。
This shows how much she sympathized with him. 这说明她多么同情他。
Do you see now why I did it? 你现在明白我为什么这样做了吗？
He asked when we would be in London. 他问我们什么时候到伦敦。
I don't care what they say. 我不在乎他们说什么。
You can discuss which is his best poem. 你们可以讨论哪是他最好的诗。
I don't remember when that happened. 我不记得这事是什么时候发生的。
He just said how he looked at it. 他只是说了他对这事的看法。
She described how all this had happened. 她描述了这一切是怎样发生的。
Can you tell which is which? 你能分辨它们吗？
2) 也有些动词后可以跟由连词whether或if引导的从句：
I wonder whether (if) you could give me some advice. 不知你可否给我出点主意。
She asked if (whether) she might call and see me. 她问她可否来看我。
I'll see whether I can find time to do it. 我会留意是否能挤出时间做这事。
I don't know whether you like these patterns. 我不知道你是否喜欢这些图案。
I'll find out if she's interested in going. 我会搞清楚她是否有兴趣去。
3) 有些宾语从句由关系代词型的what及whatever这类词引导（19）：
I'll tell you what I hear. 我将告诉你我听到的事。
They criticized what he had done. 他们批评了他做的事。
I'll do what I can. 我将尽力而为。
He could not express what he felt. 他无法表述内心的感受。
You can eat whatever you like. 你可以吃你喜欢的任何东西。
Whatever he does, he does well. 他无论做什么都做得很好。
He can marry whomever he chooses. 他愿意和谁结婚就可以和谁结婚。
Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。
