考点5 同位语从句
1. 同位语从句的用法
同位语从句用于对前面的名词做进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导,但也可以由whether以及连接代词和连接副词引导。一般跟在名词fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等名词后面。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 我们明天放假的消息不实。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.
这个问题是对还是错要看结果。
Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?
注意
① 引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略。
② 在某些名词demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可省略。
The suggestion that the new rule(should)be adopted came from the chairman.
采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
③ 有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.
他中彩得了一辆汽车的消息传开了。
2. that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别
在同位语从句中,that只起连接主句和从句的作用,无意义,在从句中不充当句子成分,一般不可省略。在定语从句中,that指代先行词,在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当某个句子成分,在作宾语时通常可省略。
They were all shocked at the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
他们都对德国向俄国宣战的消息感到震惊。
(同位语从句,that只起引导作用,在句中不充当任何成分。)
They were all shocked at the news that was announced on the radio.
听到收音机里宣布的消息,他们都很震惊。
(定语从句,that在从句中作主语,若省略that,句子成分不完整。)
The news(that)we heard spread all over the school campus.
我们听到的消息传遍了校园。(定语从句)
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
李老师将成为我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句)