Unit 27 祈使句
用来表示请求、命令、劝告,主语通常省略,它的谓语动词用动词原形,朗读时一般用降调。
语法讲解
祈使句的肯定结构
肯定结构:一般以动词原形开头,please 可放在句尾,前面要加逗号,也可以放在句首。
1.Do 型:动词原形+宾语+其他成分
Have a seat, please.
Please have a seat. 请坐。
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。
This way, please. 请这边走。
2.Be 型:be +表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分
Be a good boy. 一定要做个好孩子。
3.Let 型:let +宾语+动词原形+其他成分
Let me help you. 让我来帮你吧!
祈使句的否定结构
否定结构:一般在谓语动词前加do not 的缩略式don't 。
1.Do 型和Be 型的否定式都是在句首加don't 构成。
Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到。
Don't forget me! 不要忘记我。
2.Let 型的否定式有两种:don't +let +宾语+动词原形+其他成分let +宾语+not +动词原形+其他成分
Don't let him go.
Let him not go. 别让他走。
3.no +动词ing 形式,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking ! 禁止吸烟!
No fishing ! 禁止垂钓!
巧学妙记
祈使句,无主语,隐藏的主语就是“你”(you),
祈使句,变否定,前加don't就可以。
语法练习
一、选择正确的词填空,把正确答案的代号填在横线上,每词只用一次。
A.No B.Be C.Don't D.Stop E.Let's
1.Please wait for me. __________ walk so fast.
2.__________ smoking.
3.__________ talking, please.
4.__________ a good boy.
5.__________ go shopping.
二、把下列祈使句变成否定句。
1.Come here early.
2.Please wait for him.
3.Sit under the tree, please.
4.Let's go swimming.
5.Read the story loudly.
三、根据句子意思,选择正确的图片,将代号填入括号内。
1.Don't eat in class.( )
2.Open your book, please.( )
3.Don't listen to music in class.( )
4.Stop talking!( )
5.Don't run in the hallway.( )
答案
一、1.C
2.A
3.D
4.B
5.E
二、1.Don't come here early.
2.Please don't wait for him.
3.Don't sit under the tree, please.
4.Let's not go swimming.
5.Don't read the story loudly.
三、1.A
2.E
3.D
4.C
5.B