Unit 30 简单句的基本结构
从句子结构上看，英语句子分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只包含一个主谓结构的是简单句。英语句子由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语等成分构成，英语简单句有五种基本句型。
语法讲解
简单句的五种基本结构
1．主语＋系动词＋表语
Mary is a teacher. 玛丽是一位老师。
Lucy and Lily are quiet. 露西和莉莉都很安静。
2．主语＋谓语
Class begins. 开始上课。
Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。
3．主语＋谓语＋宾语
I want some bread. 我想吃点面包。
Gina likes milk. 吉娜喜欢喝牛奶。
4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语，或者主语＋谓语＋直接宾语＋介词＋间接宾语
Mum told me a story. 妈妈给我讲了一个故事。
Dad gave a toy to me. 爸爸给了我一个玩具。
5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
I find the book interesting. 我发现这本书很有趣。
They keep the room clean. 他们保持室内清洁。
语法练习
一、说出下列简单句属于哪一种类型。
1．He has left. ________________________________
2．The movie made me excited. __________________
3．My father is a police officer. ___________________
4．He lent me some money. _____________________
5．I like pop songs. ____________________________
二、连词成句，并说出它们属于哪种句子结构。
1．nurse/is/my/a/mother/.
________________ ________________
2．cried/baby/the/.
________________ ________________
3．English/she/speaks/.
________________ ________________
4．we/David/call/him/.
________________ ________________
5．interesting/I/English/find/.
三、判断下列句子是否正确，正确的画√，错误的画×。
（ ） 1．She is like apples.
（ ） 2．Her name Carol.
（ ） 3．He gave some water the dog.
（ ） 4．She watch TV every day.
（ ） 5．Does he like sports? No, he doesn't.
答案
一、1．主语＋谓语
2．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补
3．主语＋系动词＋表语
4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
5．主语＋谓语＋宾语
二、1．My mother is a nurse.
主语＋系动词＋表语
2．The baby cried.
主语＋谓语
3．She speaks English.
主语＋谓语＋宾语
4．We call him David.
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补
5．I find English interesting.
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补
三、1．× She likes apples.
2．× Her name is Carol.
3．× He gave some water to the dog./He gave the dog some water.
4．× She watches TV every day.
5．√
