阅读理解分析（A） 如何应对“猜词题”？

解题思路

猜词题是英语阅读理解中必考的题型，主要考查考生对于文章中的某个词语、词组、句子等意思的理解和猜测，其主要目的在于考查考生的英语语言基本功。主要包括以下四种类型：

1．猜测某个单词的意思，常见的问题形式有：

The word "..." in Paragraph ×/Line × probably means/refers to________.

Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the word "..."?

The word "..." (Line ×, Paragraph ×) denotes________.

The word "..." could best be replaced by________.

By "...", the author means________.

2．猜测某个词组的意思，常见的问题形式有：

In Line ×, the phrase "..." probably means________.

What does the author mean by "..." (Line ×, Paragraph ×)?

The expression "..." (Line ×, Paragraph ×) most probably means________.

In Paragraph ×, "..." probably refers to________.

3．猜测某个句子的含义，常见的问题形式有：

The sentence "..." in the × paragraph implies that________.

By saying "..." (Line ×, Paragraph ×), ...means that________.

What does the author mean by "..." (Line ×, Paragraph ×)?

What is implied in the first sentence?

The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is________.

4．猜测某个词语的指代含义，常见的问题形式有：

it/they/them in Line × refers to/stands for________.

The word "it" (Line ×, Paragraph ×) most probably refers to________.

猜测单词或词组的题的特点及所处位置总结如下：

1．常用单词和超纲单词；

2．特殊词汇和搭配词组；

3．引言；

4．同位语或者同位语从句、定语或者定语从句、宾语从句等；

5．特殊标点符号前后，如冒号、引号、分号或者破折号；

6．列举、对比、类比前后；

7．代词或意思笼统的单词和集体名词。

猜词题的解题方法主要有三种：

第一，积累词汇量：考生应在平时的学习中，掌握绝大部分的大纲词汇，甚至积累一定量的超纲词汇。

第二，词根词缀法：利用构词法，通过分析生词“内部”的前缀、后缀和词根，推测生词的大致含义。

第三，代入上下文：通过上下文的整体框架来推测含义，同时也要借助逻辑判断和常识的积累。

真题回放

Youth Emancipation in Spain

The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.

Around 55 percent of people aged 18～34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.

To coax (劝诱) young people from their homes, the Institute started a "Youth Emancipation (解放)" program this month. The program offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.

Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious (不稳定的) labor market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.

Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists (社会学家). Family ties in south Europe—Italy, Portugal and Greece—are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding".

In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized, said Minguez.

In Spain, especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews (外甥、侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.

Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.

A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist, said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos Ⅲ University of Madrid.

Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores (家务) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.

His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well. Masso said. (2009年)

35. The phrase "wary of" in Paragraph 8 could be best replaced by________.

A. tired of

B. afraid of

C. cautious about

D. worried about

35．C。［答案解析］be wary of是固定搭配：留意、谨防，由此可见正确答案为C: cautious about对……谨慎。即使不了解该固定搭配，根据上下文内容也可得出正确答案。

Achilles' heel

The father was furious, "If you asked for the money to buy a toy or some other rubbish, then go straight to your room and think about why you are being so selfish (自私的)!"

...Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found that the boy already had money, he got angry again.

In this passage, the underlined word "furious" means________.

A. very angry

B. quite happy

C. too excited

D. a little nervous

［典型错误］有些考生根据furious后father的话进行判断，可能得出的结论是a little nervous或者too excited等，因而错选C、D项。

［错因分析］造成这种错误的原因是考生遇到生词后，不能从上下文来正确判断，而且没有掌握关键性词语的含义（如he got angry again）。

［正确答案］A。根据下文叙述的he got angry again可知，之前这个男孩的父亲是已经生过气了，再结合上下文，就可以确定答案为A。

［归纳拓展］

1．猜词题中常常会有干扰项，这些干扰项看上去与所考查的单词拼写相近或者意义相近，或者放在原文中在逻辑上和常识上都没有问题，但是经过仔细推敲发现并不符合上下文。考生要避免受到这些选项的干扰。

2．正确答案中一般不会有任何表示绝对意义的单词或词组；如果四个选项中出现了意义相反的两个单词或词组，那么正确答案必定是这两个选项中的一个，故可以排除掉另外两个选项，提高答题的正确率。