38. People Respond to Incentives
A wealthy labor economist had an urge to have grandchildren. He had two daughters and two sons and none of them had gratified his desire for【1】 a grandchild. At the annual family gathering on Thanksgiving Day, he chided them gently to bless his old age with their progeny. "But I haven't given up 【2】 hope," he said, "and yesterday I went to the bank and set up 【3】 a one hundred thousand dollar trust fund to be given to the first grandchild that I have. Now we will all bow our heads while I say a prayer of thanks."
When he looked up, he and his wife were the only ones at the table.
人们对激励作出反应
一位富有的劳动经济学家迫切想抱孙子。他有两个女儿和两个儿子,可是没有一个人满足他的这一愿望。在一年一度的感恩节家庭聚会上,经济学家轻声责备他们没能让自己这把老骨头有后。“不过我仍然没有放弃希望,”他说,“就在昨天我去了趟银行,立了个10万元的户头作为信托基金奖励给我的第一个孙子。现在我们都低下头听我做感恩祈祷。”
等他抬起头来时,发现桌子旁边只剩下了他和自己的老婆。
背景知识与点评
·曼昆的《经济学原理》第一章就讲述经济学的十大原理,其中第一条就是“人们会对激励作出反应”。这是很显然的,我们的古人早就总结出了这一原理,不过表述方式是“重赏之下必有勇夫”。
·笑话中的老教授早就应该知道激励的作用,可是为什么迟迟不用呢?因为他以为自己有两个儿子和两个女儿,他们给自己膝下添个孙子或外孙自然不在话下,还用得着花钱鼓励吗?能省就省吧,这也符合经济学家的性格。
英语知识链接
【1】 desire for:渴望
【2】 give up:放弃;认输
【3】 set up:建立,创立