雪 人
The Snow Man
斯蒂文斯
Wallace Stevens
斯蒂文斯(Wallace Stevens,1879-1955),美国二十世纪有影响的现代诗人。曾经学习法律,当过律师,后涉足商界,但他一直没有停止过诗歌创作。这一特殊经历使他穿梭于现实和想象之间,对他的诗歌创作产生一定影响。他深感传统价值及道德缺失在现代生活中所造成的精神和信仰危机,希望通过想象在艺术的世界中重建信仰,因而,他重视想象力的作用,并注重感官的表现功能。他的诗意象鲜明,音韵和谐,语言简洁晓畅,但意境深邃,内涵深刻而朦胧,甚至难解其深意。
人必须有冬日的心情
One must have a mind of winter
才能注意到霜,注意到
To regard the frost and the boughs
被白雪覆盖的松树枝;
Of the pine-trees crusted with snow;
人必须长期经受寒冷
And have been cold a long time
才能见到挂着冰丝的杜松,
To behold the junipers shagged with ice,
见到远方璀璨的正月阳光下
The spruces rough in the distant glitter
显得毛糙的云杉;才能不去想
Of the January sun; and not to think
风的声音、几片树叶的声音
Of any misery in the sound of the wind,
蕴含着怎样的凄楚,
In the sound of a few leaves,
那正是大地的声音,
Which is the sound of the land
大地上到处是同样的风,
Full of the same wind
在同样荒凉的地方
That is blowing in the same bare place
为听者吹刮,听者在雪中听着,
For the listener, who listens in the snow,
他自己是“无”,于是他见到
And, nothing himself, beholds
不存在的“无”和存在的“无”。
Nothing that is not there and the nothing that is.