英语六级真题的听力部分，作为衡量学生英语实际应用能力的重要标尺，涵盖了短对话、长对话及短文理解三大板块，这些题型着重考察考生捕捉关键信息并深入理解语境的能力。因此，深入掌握并熟练运用真题听力材料，对于提升六级考试成绩具有举足轻重的意义。此次，我们精心整理了2024年6月大学英语六级真题听力部分（卷一）的详细内容及答案解析，旨在为广大考生提供宝贵的备考资源与参考！

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the endofeach conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.

1. A) Reply to the man's last proposal within a short time.

B) Sign the agreement if one small change is made to it.

C) Make a sponsorship deal for her client at the meeting.

D) Give the man some good news regarding the contract.

2. A) They are becoming impatient. 

B) They are afraid time is running out.  

C) They are used to making alterations.

D) They are concerned about the details.

3. A) To prevent geographical discrimination. 

B) To tap the food and beverage market. 

C) To avoid any conflict ofinterest.

D) To reduce unfair competition.

4. A) It is a potential market for food and beverage. 

B) It is very attractive for real estate developers. 

C) It is a negligible market for his company.

D) It is very different from other markets.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.

5. A) They are thrilled by a rare astronomic phenomenon.

B) They are celebrating a big event on mountain tops.

C) They are enthusiastic about big science-related stories.

D) They are joined by astronomers all across North America.

6. A) It will be the most formidable of its kind in over a century.

B) It will come closest to Earth in more than one hundred years.

C) It will eclipse many other such events in human history.

D) It will be seen most clearly from Denver's mountain tops.

7. A)A blur. 

B) Stars. 

C) The edge of our galaxy.

D) An ordinary flying object.

8. A) Use professional equipment. 

B) Climb to the nearby heights. 

C) Fix their eyes due north.

D) Make use ofphone apps.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear twopassages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both thepassage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9. A) Whether consumers should be warned against ultra-processed foods.

B) Whether there is sufficient scientific consensus on dietary guidelines.

C) Whether guidelines can form the basis for nutrition advice to consumers.

D) Whether food scientists will agree on the concept of ultra-processed foods.

10. A) By the labor cost for the final products.

B) By the degree of industrial processing.  

C) By the extent of chemical alteration.

D) By the convention of classification.

11. A) Increased consumers' expenses. 

B) Greater risk of chronic diseases.  

C) People's misunderstanding of nutrition.

D) Children's dislike for unprocessed foods.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

12. A) They begin to think of the benefits of constraints.

B) They try to seek solutions from creative people. 

C) They try hard to maximize their mental energy.

D) They begin to see the world in a different way.

13. A) It is characteristic of all creative people. 

B) It is essential to pushing society forward. 

C) It is a creative person's response to limitation.

D) It is an impetus to socio-economic development.

14. A) Scarcity or abundance of resources has little impact on people's creativity.

B) Innovative people are not constrained in connecting unrelated concepts.

C) People have no incentive to use available resources in new ways.

D) Creative people tend to consume more available resources.

15. A) It is key to a company's survival. 

B) It shapes and focuses problems. 

C) It is essential to meeting challenges.

D) It thrives best when constrained.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordingsoflectures or talks followed by three orfour questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you havejust heard.

16. A) Because they are learned.  

B) Because they come naturally.  

C) Because they have to be properly personalized.

D) Because there can be more effective strategies.

17. A) The extent of difference and of similarity between the two sides.

B) The knowledge of the specific expectation the other side holds.

C) The importance of one's goals and of therelationship.

D) The approaches one adopts to conflict management.

18. A) The fox. 

B) The owl. 

C) The shark.

D) The turtle.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19. A) Help save species from extinction and boosthuman health.

B) Understand how plants and animals perished over the past.

C) Help gather information publicly available to researchers.

D) Find out the cause of extinction of Britain's 66,000 species.

20. A) It was once dominated by dinosaurs.

B) It has entered the sixth mass extinction.  

C) Its prospects depend on future human behaviour.

D) Its climate change is aggravated by humans.

21. A) It dwarfs all other efforts to conserve, protect and restore biodiversity on earth.

B) It is costly to get started and requires thejoint efforts of thousands of scientists.

C) It can help to bringback the large numbers of plants and animals that have gone extinct.

D) It is the most exciting, most relevant, mosttimely and most internationally inspirational.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you havejust heard.

22. A) Cultural identity.  

B) Social evolution.  

C) The Copernican revolution.

D) Human individuality.

23. A) It is a delusion to be disposed of.  

B) It is prevalent even among academics.  

C) It is a myth spread by John Donne's poem.

D) It is rooted in the mindset of the 17th century.

24. A) He believes in Copernican philosophical doctrines about the universe.

B) He has gained ample scientific evidence at the University of Reading.

C) He has found that our inner self and material self are interconnected.

D) He contends most of our body cells can only live a few days or weeks.

25. A) By coming to see how disruptive such problems have got to be.

B) By realising that we all can do our own bit in such endeavours.

C) By becoming aware that we are part of a bigger world.

D) By making joint efforts resolutely and persistently.

Section A

Conversation One

W: Thank you for meeting with me, Stephen, at such a short notice.

M: Not a problem, Margaret. Now please give me some good news. Have you agreed to my last proposal?

W: [1]I have indeed and I wish to sign the agreement, pending one small change to be made a contract.

M: Margaret, we' ve been through this for almost a year now, back and forth making alterations. Are you sure you want to make a sponsorship deal for your clients or not? [2] I ask this because frankly, some people at my end are running out of patience.

W: I understand your concerns, but as I'm sure you understand, we hold our clients' best interests to be of the utmost concern. We therefore comb through the fine details of all contracts. Rest assured we all appreciate your firm's patience.

M: Okay, fine. So what changes do you wish to make?

W: Essentially, we would like the new deal to exclude the Middle East. That's all.

M: The Middle East? Why?

W: My client has a couple of other prospective marketing deals from companies in the Middle East. Those offers, should they materialize, would exclusively employ my client's image in the Middle East only. [3] Therefore, in order to avoid any conflict, we would need to ensure that both marketing campaigns do not overlap geographically.

M: What business sector in the Middle East are we talking about here?

W: Real estate.

M: Well, that should be okay then. So long as the product is very different from our food and beverage market, there should be no conflict of interest. Nevertheless, I will have to run this through my people. I don't foresee any problem, though. [4] The Middle East is a negligible market for us. But I still need to check this with a couple of departments.

1. What does the woman say she will do?

2. What does the man say about some people he represents?

3. What reason does the woman give for the new deal to exclude the Middle East?

4. What does the man say about the Middle East?

Conversation Two

M: Next, we have a special science-related new story. Paula Hancock is at the Denver Observatory. Paula, what is the big story over there?

W: Hi, John.[5] Yes, all the astronomers on site here are very excited. In fact, space enthusiasts all across North America and the rest of the Northern Hemisphere will be congregating on mountain tops tonight to watch the night's sky.

M: Why? What's the big event? Is there an eclipse happening soon?

W: [5][6] Tonight, the Earth will come into close proximity with the Oppenheimer comet. It is the closest our planet has been to such a phenomenon in over 100 years. For this reason, it is expected that thousands of people will gaze up at the sky tonight in order to see this formidable object.

M: How far away is this comet? Will people be able to see it with the naked eye?.

W: The Oppenheimer comet will still be millions of miles away on the edge of our galaxy. But nevertheless, this is a relatively close distance, close enough for people to observe in good detail through a telescope.[7] People will only see a blur without one. However, that does not mean one needs professional equipment. Even the most ordinary of telescopes should be conducive for people to observe and wonder at this flying object.

M: Many of our viewers will be wondering how they too can take part in this once-in-a-lifetime event. Where will this comet be in the sky? How can people find it?

W: The comet will be almost exactly due north, at 60 degrees above the equator. However, finding the comet is indeed very tricky. [8] And scientists here have told me there are plenty of phone apps that will facilitate this.

M: How fantastic! Thank you, Paula, for the information.

5. What does the woman say about all the astronomers at the Denver Observatory?

6. What do we learn from the conversation about the Oppenheimer comet?

7. What does the woman say people will only see in the sky without a telescope?

8. What do scientists at the Denver Observatory advise amateurs do to facilitate their observation?

Section B

Passage One

Dietary guidelines form the basis for nutrition advice and regulations around the world. While there is strong scientific consensus around most existing guidelines, [9] one question has recently stirred debate: should consumers be warned to avoid ultra-processed foods? Two papers published today in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition outline the case for and against using the concept of“ultra-processed foods” to help inform dietary guidelines, beyond conventional food classification systems.

The authors, Carlos Monteiro of the University of Sã o Paulo and Arna Ostrup of Novo Nordisk Foundation, will discuss the issue in a live virtual debate, August 14th, during NUTRITION 2024 Live Online.[10] The debate centers around a system developed by Monteiro and colleagues that classifies foods by their degree of industrial processing, ranging from unprocessed to ultra-processed.

The system defines ultra-processed foods as those made using sequences of processes that extract substances from foods and alter them with chemicals in order to formulate the final product. Ultra-processed foods are characteristically designed to be cheap, tasty, and convenient. Examples include soft drinks and candy, packaged snacks and pastries, ready to heat products, and reconstituted meat products.

[11] Studies have linked consumption of ultra-processed foods, which are often high in salt, sugar, and fat, with weight gain and an increased risk of chronic diseases, even after adjusting for the amount of salt, sugar, and fat in the diet. While the mechanisms behind these associations are not fully understood, Monteiro argues that the existing evidence is sufficient to justify discouraging consumption of ultra-processed foods in dietary recommendations and government policies.

9. What question is said to have recently stirred debate?

10. How does the system developed by Monteiro and colleagues classify foods?

11. What is consumption of ultra-processed foods linked with, according to studies?

Passage Two

Believe it or not, human creativity benefits from constraints. [12] According to psychologists, when you have less to work with, you actually begin to see the world differently. With constraints, you dedicate your mental energy to acting more resourcefully. When challenged, you figure out new ways to be better.

The most successful creative people know that constraints give their minds the impetus to leap higher. People who invent new products are not limited by what they don't have or can't do. They leverage their limitations to push themselves even further. Many products and services are created because the founders saw a limitation in what they use. They created innovation based on what was not working for them at the moment.

[13] Innovation is a creative person's response to limitation. In a 2015 study which examined how thinking about scarcity or abundance influences how creatively people use their resources,[14] Ravi Mehta at the University of Illinois and Meng Zhu at Johns Hopkins University found that people simply have no incentive to use what's available to them in novel ways. When people face scarcity, they give themselves the freedom to use resources in less conventional ways because they have to. Obstacles can broaden your perception and open up your thinking processes. Consistent constraints help you improve the connecting unrelated ideas and concepts. Marissa Meyer, former vice president for search products and user experience at Google, once wrote in a publication on Bloomberg, “Constraints shape and focus problems and provide clear challenges to overcome;[15] creativity thrives best when constrained. "

12. What do psychologists say people do when they are short of resources?

13. What does the passage say about innovation?

14. What did a 2015 study by Ravi Mehta and Meng Zhu find?

15. What did Marissa Meyer once write concerning creativity?

Section C

Recording One

Different people use different strategies for managing conflicts. These strategies are learned in childhood. Usually, we are not aware of how we act in conflict situations. We just do whatever seems to come naturally. [16] But we do have a personal strategy, and because it is learned, we can always change it by learning new and more effective ways of managing conflicts. When you get involved in a conflict, there are two major concerns you have to take into account: achieving your personal goals and keeping a good relationship with the other person.[17] How important your personal goals are and how important the relationship is to you affect how you act in a conflict. Given these two concerns, five styles of managing conflicts can be identified.

1. The turtle. Turtles withdraw into their shells to avoid conflicts. They give up their personal goals and relationships. They believe it is easier to withdraw from a conflict than to face it.

2. The shark. Sharks try to overpower opponents by forcing them to accept their solution to the conflict. They seek to achieve their goals at all costs. Sharks assume that conflicts are settled by one person winning and one person losing. Winning gives sharks a sense of pride and achievement. Losing gives them a sense of weakness, inadequacy, and failure.

3. The teddy bear. Teddy bears want to be accepted and liked by other people. They think that conflict should be avoided in favor of harmony, and believe that conflicts cannot be discussed without damaging relationships. They give up their goals to preserve the relationship.

4. The fox. Foxes are moderntely concerned with their own goals and about their relationships with other people. They give up part of their goals and persuade the other person in a conflict to give up part of his goals. They seek a solution to conflicts where both sides gain something.

[18]5. The owl. Owls view conflicts as problems to be solved. They see conflicts as improving relationships by reducing tension between two people. They try to begin a discussion that identifies the conflict as a problem. By seeking solutions that satisfy both themselves and the other person, owls maintain the relationship. Owls are not satisfied until a solution is found that achieves their own goals and the other person's goals, and they are not satisfied until the tensions and negative feelings have been fully resolved.

16. Why does the speaker say strategies for managing conflicts can always be changed?

17. What is said to affect the way one acts in a conflict? 

18. Of the five styles the speaker discusses, which views conflicts as problems to be solved?

Recording Two

[19] The genetic code of all 1.5 million known species of animals and plants living on Earth will be mapped to help save species from extinction and boost human health. Scientists hope that cracking the genetic code of plants and animals could help uncover new treatments for infectious diseases, slow aging, improve crops and agriculture, and create new bio-materials.

In Britain, organisations including the Natural History Museum, the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and the Wellcome Sanger Institute have joined forces to sequence Britain's 66,000 species of animals and plants. Dubbed the Darwin Tree of Life Project, it is expected to take 10 years and cost 100 million pounds. Once completed, all the information will be publicly available to researchers.

[20] Many scientists believe that Earth has now entered the sixth mass extinction, with humans creating a toxic mix of habitation loss, pollution and climate change, which has already led to the loss of at least 77 species of mammals and 140 types of birds since 1500. It is the biggest loss of species since the dinosaurs were wiped out 66 million years ago. Scientists say that sequencing every species will revolutionize the understanding of biology and evolution, bolster efforts to conserve as well as protect and restore biodiversity.

Dr. Tim Littlewood, head of Life Sciences Department at the Natural History Museum said, “Whether you are interested in food or disease, the history of how every organism on the planet has adapted to its environment is recorded in its genetic makeup. How you then harness that is dependent on your ability to understand it. We will be using modern methods to get a really good window on the present and the past. And of course, a window on the past gives you a prospective model on the future.”

[21] Sir Jim Smith, Director of Science at Wellcome said, “Try as I might, I can't think of a more exciting, more relevant, more timely, or more internationally inspirational project. Since 1970, humanity has wiped out 60 percent of animal populations. About 23,000 of 80,000 species surveyed are approaching extinction. We are in the midst of the sixth great extinction event of life on our planet, which not only threatens wildlife species, but also imperils the global food supply. As scientists, we all realize we desperately need to catalogue life on our fragile planet now. I think we' re making history.”

19. What do scientists hope to do by cracking the genetic code of plants and animals?

20. What do many scientists believe with regard to Earth?

21. How does Sir Jim Smith, Director of Science at Wellcome, describe the Darwin Tree of Life Project?

Recording Three

John Donne, the English poet, wrote in the 17th century, “No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main.”

[22] Now,a British academic has claimed that human individuality is indeed just an illusion, because societies are far more interconnected at a mental, physical, and cultural level than people realize. In his new book, The Self Delusion, Professor Tom Oliver, a researcher in the Ecology and Evolution group at the University of Reading, argues there is no such thing as“self”, and not even our bodies are truly“us”. Just as Copernicus realized the Earth is not the center of the universe, Professor Oliver said society urgently needs a Copernican-like revolution to understand people are not detached beings but rather part of one connected identity.

“A significant milestone in the cultural evolution of human minds was the acceptance that the Earth is not the center of the universe, the so-called Copernican Revolution,” he writes. “[23] However, we have one more big myth to dispose of: that we exist as independent selves at the center of a subjective universe. You may feel as if you are an independent individual acting autonomously in the world; that you have unchanging inner self that persists throughout your lifetime, acting as a central anchor-point with the world changing around you. This is the illusion I seek to tackle. We are intimately connected to the world around us.”

[24] Professor Oliver argues there are around 37 trillion cells in the body but most have a lifespan of just a few days or weeks, so the material“us” is constantly changing. In fact, there is no part of your body that has existed for more than ten years. Since our bodies are essentially made anew every few weeks, the material in them alone is clearly insufficient to explain the persistent thread of an identity.

[25] Professor Oliver claims that individualism is actually bad for society, and only by realizing we are part of a bigger entity can we solve pressing environmental and societal problems.

Through selfish over-consumption we are destroying the natural world and using non-renewable resources at an accelerating rate. “We are at a critical crossroads as a species where we must rapidly reform our mindsets and behavior to act in less selfish ways,” he said. “So let's open our eyes to the hidden connections all around us.”

22. What is indeed just an illusion according to Professor Tom Oliver?

23. What does Professor Tom Oliver think of the idea that we exist as independent selves at the center of a subjective universe?

24. Why does Professor Tom Oliver claim that the material“us” is constantly changing?

25. How can we solve pressing environmental and societal problems according to Professor Tom Oliver?

1.B)【解析】对话开头男士同女士是否同意他上次的提议，女士回答说：“事实上我同意了，我愿意签这份协议，只不过还需要对合同做一个小小的修改。”由此可知，B项与对话内容相符。

2.A)【解析】对话中间，男士表示这份协议已经来来回回地修改过多次了，于是询问女士是否确定要为客户达成一份代言协议，并说道：“我这么问是因为坦白地说，我这边的一些人已经快没有耐心了。”由此可知，A项与对话内容相符。

3.C)【解析】对话中间，男士询问女士为什么希望新协议将中东排除在外，女士解释说：“我的客户还有几个来自中东地区公司的潜在营销协议。如果这些提议落地，我的客户将只能在中东地区使用自己的形象。因此，为了避免任何冲突，我们需要确保这两个营销活动在地域上不重叠。”由此可知，C项与对话内容相符。

4.C)【解析】对话最后，男士说道：“中东市场对我们来说微不足道。”由此可知，C项与对话内容相符。

5.A)【解析】对话开头，男士询问女士丹佛天文台那边是否有什么重大新闻，女士回答说：“是的，这里现场的所有天文学家都非常兴奋。事实上，整个北美和北半球其他地区的太空爱好者今晚都将聚集在山顶上观看夜空。”随后男士继续追问其原因，女士解释道：“今晚，地球将与奥本海默彗星近距离接触。这是100多年来我们的星球距离这种现象(彗星)最近的一次。”由此可知，丹佛天文台的所有天文学家都在为地球近距离接触奥本海默彗星这一罕见的天文现象感到兴奋，A项与对话内容相符。

6.B)【解析】对话中间，男士询问女士即将发生什么大事，女士回答说：“今晚，地球将与奥本海默彗星近距离接触。这是100多年来我们的星球距离这种现象(彗星)最近的一次。”由此可知，B项与对话内容相符。

7.A)【解析】对话中间，女士说人们可以用望远镜观察到奥本海默彗星的细节，随后补充说道：“如果没有望远镜，人们只能看到一片模糊。”由此可知，A项与对话内容相符。

8.D)【解析】对话最后，男士表示许多观众都想知道如何才能找到这颗彗星。随后女士回答说：“寻找这颗彗星确实非常麻烦。这里的科学家告诉我，有很多手机应用程序可以为人们找到彗星提供便利。”由此可知，D项与对话内容相符。

9.A)【解析】文章开头即提出了争论的问题，虽然大多数现行指南都有很强的科学共识，但是最近有一个问题引发了争论：是否应该警告消费者避免食用超加工食品? 因此，选项A正确，同时据此排除选项B。其他两项都不是争论的内容，均排除。

10.B)【解析】文章中间部分提到了蒙泰罗及其同事开发的一套系统，指出该系统根据工业加工程度对食品进行分类，从未加工食品到超加工食品不等。选项B几乎为文中原词，故正确。选项A、C是利用原文中的个别词汇(the final product、alter them with chemicals) 设置的干扰项, 而且也不是该系统对食物的分类标准, 故排除；选项D文中并未提及，故排除。

11.B)【解析】文章结尾处指出：食用超加工食品(通常是高盐、高糖和高脂肪食品)与体重增加和罹患慢性疾病的风险增加有关联，故选项B正确，Greater是对文中 increased的同义转述。其他三项文中均未提及，故均排除。

12.D)【解析】文章开头即指出，根据心理学家的研究，当你可以利用的东西减少时，你实际上会开始以不同的方式看待这个世界。题干中的psychologists是文中的原词, are short of resources是对原文have less to work with的同义转述; 选项D中的see the world in a different way是对原文see the world differently的同义转述, 因此选项D正确。

13.C)【解析】文章中间部分提到，创新就是有创造力的人对局限性的回应。选项C的表述与原文完全一致，因此C正确。其他三项文章中未提及，故均排除。

14.C)【解析】文章后半部分介绍了2015年的一项研究，拉维·梅塔和朱蒙在这项研究中发现，人们根本没有动力以新颖的方式使用现有资源。选项C中的have no incentive是文中的原词, use available resources和in new ways分别对应原文的use what's available to them和 in novel ways, 因此选项C正确。选项A、B是利用文中的个别词汇(scarcity or abundance、connecting unrelated ideas and concepts)设置的干扰项, 因此排除这两项; 选项D文中没有提到，故排除。

15.D)【解析】文章最后提到了谷歌前副总裁玛丽莎·梅耶尔对于创造力的看法：局限性可以塑造和聚焦问题，并提供需要克服的明确挑战；创造力在受到限制的情况下最能蓬勃发展。选项D的表述与原文完全一致，故正确，同时排除据此设置的干扰项B、C。选项A玛丽莎·梅耶尔并未提及，故排除。

16.A)【解析】在讲座开头，讲话者便提到，解决冲突的策略是童年时期学到的，并在下文中提到，正是因为这种策略是习得的，所以我们总能通过学习新的、更有效的方式来解决冲突。由此很容易得出正确答案为A。

17.C)【解析】讲话者提到卷入冲突后要考虑两个主要问题：实现个人目标和与对方保持良好的关系，并且在下文中强调“个人目标的重要性以及这段关系的重要性会影响你在冲突中的行为”。由此可知，选项C为正确答案。

18.B)【解析】讲话者依次讲述了五种解决冲突的方式，在讲到猫头鹰方式时提到，“采用猫头鹰方式的人将冲突视为需要解决的问题”。由此可知，选项B为正确答案。

19.A)【解析】讲话者在开头就提到，“地球上已知的150万种动植物的遗传密码将被绘制出来，以帮助拯救物种免于灭绝并促进人类健康”。由此很容易得出，选项A为正确答案。虽然题目原话“科学家们希望通过破解植物和动物的遗传密码”是接下来才提及的，但就是对开头句的补充说明，其他三项均与原文信息不符，故直接排除。

20.B)【解析】讲话者在中间提到，“许多科学家认为地球现在已经进入了第六次大规模灭绝”。由此可知，选项B为正确答案。虽然dinosaurs和climate change讲话者均有提及，但选项表述与原文不符，且它们非题目所问内容，故可排除A和D。选项C讲话者未提及。

21.D)【解析】讲话者在最后引述了威康桑格研究所的科学总监吉姆·史密斯爵士所说的话，他表示，“尽管我绞尽脑汁，也没能想出一个比这更激动人心、更息息相关、更及时或更具国际启发性的项目。”由此可知，选项D为正确答案。虽然选项A中的conserve, protect and restore biodiversity讲话者有提及, 但其并非题目所问的内容，且其描述与原文不符。选项B虽然是文中所述内容，但其并不是史密斯爵士说的话，故也可排除。选项C中的内容属于过度推断，可直接排除。

22.D)【解析】讲话中提到，现在一位英国学者声称，人类的个体性的确只是一种错误的观念，因为社会在精神、身体和文化层面的相互联系远比人们意识到的要紧密得多。讲话中本句并未指出这位学者的具体身份，但是紧接着下一句提到了该学者的身份：雷丁大学的汤姆·奥利弗教授认为，根本不存在所谓的“自我”，甚至我们的身体都不是真正的“我们”。由此可判断，这位学者就是后面出现的汤姆·奥利弗教授。故选项D为正确答案。选项C与讲话内容相反，讲话中提到，奥利弗教授说，社会迫切需要一场哥白尼式的革命，那么在他看来，哥白尼式的革命不是一种错误的观念，故排除。其余两个选项在讲话中并未提及，可排除。

23.A)【解析】讲话中间部分提到，汤姆·奥利弗教授写道：“我们还需要摒弃一个巨大的错觉，那就是我们作为独立的自我，存在于主观宇宙的中心。”由此可知，选项A为正确答案。其余三个选项在讲话中并未提及，可排除。

24.D)【解析】讲话后半部分提到，奥利弗教授认为，人体内大约有37万亿个细胞，但大多数细胞的寿命只有几天或几周，因此物质方面的“我们”在不断变化。由此可知，选项D为正确答案。其余三个选项在讲话中并未提及，可排除。

25.C)【解析】讲话后半部分提到，奥利弗教授声称，个人主义实际上对社会不利，而且只有我们意识到自己是更大的实体的一部分(part of a bigger entity) , 才能解决紧迫的环境问题和社会问题。结合前文可知, 此处“更大的实体(a bigger entity)”其实就是指我们所处的更大的世界。由此可知，选项C为正确答案。其余三个选项在讲话中并未提及，可排除。