156. A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the "labor-market premium to skill"—or the amount college graduates earned that's greater than what high-school graduate earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s.
译文
两位哈佛经济学家在一份2008年的研究中指出,“劳力市场给予技术的补贴”——或者说,大学毕业生与高中毕业生的收入差距——在20世纪大多数时间里缩小了,但从20世纪80年代起这种差距又报复性地拉大了。点睛
本句的主干是...study...notes that...。第一个that引导的宾语从句that the "labor-market..."...since the 1980s作notes的宾语。该从句中又包含多重从句,其主干为the "labor-market premium to skill" decreased, but has come back;两个破折号之间的内容则对labor-market premium to skill进行补充说明,在该部分中,两个定语从句college graduates earned和that's greater than what high-school graduate earned 均修饰the amount。premium意为“酬金,额外费用”。vengeance意为“报仇,复仇”。decrease意为“下降,减少”。如:
Our company tries to decrease the costs. 我们公司设法降低成本。
考点归纳
decrease、lessen、diminish和reduce这组动词的一般含义为“减少”。decrease和lessen比较普通,一般可以代替这组词中的任何其他词。
My interest in online shopping gradually decreases. 我对网上购物的兴趣逐渐减退。

The cancer patient has to take painkillers / turn to drugs to lessen his pain. 癌症病人靠吃止痛药来减轻痛苦。

We must diminish the cost of production. 我们必须缩减生产成本。

The landlady won't reduce the rent of our house. 女房东不肯减收我们的房租。
The bankrupt was reduced to despair. 破产者陷入了绝望。