英语六级阅读真题，不仅强化词汇与句型理解，更提升阅读速度与综合分析能力。实战演练，让考生熟悉题型变化，掌握解题技巧，是冲刺六级高分不可或缺的宝贵资源。今天，小编将分享2020年12月大学英语六级阅读真题以及答案（卷二）相关内容，希望能为大家提供帮助！

Section A

Directions: In this section,there is apassage woith ten blanks.You are required to select onetord for each blank from a list ofchoices given in a tord bank follooing the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making yourchoices.Each choice in the bank is identifed bya leter.Please mark the coresponding leter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.

Virtually every activity that entails or facilitates in-person human interaction seems to be in the midst of a total meltdown as the coronavirus(冠状病毒)outbreak erases Americans'desire to travel. Amtak says bookings are down 50 percent and cancelations are up 300 percent.Hotels in San Francisco are experiencing  26  rates between 70 and 80 percent.Broadway goes dark on Thursday night.Universities,now emptying their campuses,have never tried online learning on this  27  .White-collar companies like Amazon,Apple,and the New York Times are asking employees to work from home for the  28  future.

But what happens after the coronavirus?

In some ways,the answer is:All the old normal stuff.The pandemic(大流行病)will take lives,  29  economies and destroy routines,but it will pass.Americans will never stop going to basketball games.They won't stop going on vacation.Theyll meet to do business.No decentralizing technology so far—not telephones,not television,and not the intermet—has dented that human desire to shake hands,despite technologists'  30  to the contrary.

Yet there are real reasons to think that things will not return to the way they were last week.Small  31  create small societal shifts;big ones change things forgood.The New York transit strike of 1980 is  32  with prompting several long-term changes in the city,including bus and bike lanes,and women wearing sports shoes to work,The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 prompted the development of national health care in Europe.

Here and now,this might not even be a question of  33  .It'snot clear that the cruise industry will  34  .Or that public transit won't go broke without  35  assistance.The infrastructure might not even be in place to do what we were doing in 2019.

A)credentials

B)credited

C)cumulative

D)disruptions

E)federal

F)foreseeable

G)predictions 

H)preference

I)scale

J)strangle

K)subtle

L)summoned

M)survive

N)vacancy

O)wedge

Section B

Directions: In thissection,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains informationgiven in one of theparagraphs.Identif the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a leter.Ansver the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.

Slow Hope

A)Our world is full of—mostly untold—stories of slow hope,driven by the idea that change is possible.They are'slow'in their unfolding,and they are slow because they come with setbacks.

B)At the beginning of time—so goes the myth—humans suffered,shivering in the cold and dark until the titan(巨人)Prometheus stolefire from the gods.Justas in the myth,technology—first fire and stone tools,and later farming,the steam engine and industry,fossil fuels,chemicals and nuclear power—has allowed us to alter and control the natural world.The myth also reminds us that theseadvances have come at a price:asa punishment for Prometheus'crime,the gods created Pandora,and they gave hera box filled with evils and curses.When Pandora's boxwas opened,it unleashed swarms of diseases and disasters upon humankind.

C)Today we can no longer ignore the ecological curses that we have released in our search for warmth and comfort.In engineering and exploiting and transforming our habitat,we have opened tens of thousands of Pandora's boxes.In recent decades,environmental threats have expanded beyond regional boundaries to have global reach and,mosthauntingly,are multiplying at a dizzying rate.On a regularbasis,we arereminded thatwe are running outof time.Year after year, faster andfaster,consumption outpaces the biological capacity of our planet.Stories ofaccelerated catastrophe multiply.We fear the breakdown of the electric grid,the end of non-renewable  resources,the expansion of deserts,the loss of islands,and the pollution of our air and water.

D)Acceleration is the signature ofour time.Populations and economic activity grew slowly for much of human history.For thousands of years and well into early modern times,world economies saw no growth at all,but from around the mid-19th century and again,in particular,since the mid-20th,the real GDP has increased at an enormous speed,and so has human consumption.In the Middle Ages,households in Central Europe might have owned fewer than 30 objects on average;in 1900,this number had increased to 400,and in 2020 to 15,000.The acceleration of human  production,consumption and travel has changed the animate and inanimate spheres.It has echoed through natural processes on which humansdepend.Species extinction,deforestation,damming of rivers,occurrence of floods,the depletion of ozone,thedegradation of ocean systems and many other areas are all experiencing acceleration.If represented graphically,the curve for all these  changes looksrather like that well-known hockey stick:with litte changeover millennia(数千年) and a dramatic upswing over the past decades.

E)Some of today's narratives about the future seem to suggest that we too,like Prometheus,will be saved by a new Hercules,a divine engineer,someone who will mastermind,manoeuvre and manipulate our planet.They suggest that geoengineering,cold fusion or faster-than-light spaceships might transcend once and for all the terrestrial constraints of rising temperatures,lack of energy,scarcity of food,lack of space,mountains of waste,polluted water—you name it.

F)Yet,if we envisage our salvation to come from a deus ex machina(解图之神),from a divine engineer or a tech solutionist who will miraculously conjure up a new source of energy or another cure-all with revolutionary potency,we might be looking in the wrong place.The fact that we now imagine our planet as a whole does not mean that the ⁴rescue'of our planet will come with one big global stroke of genius and technology.It will more likely come by many small acts. Global heating and environmental degradation are not technological problems.They are highly political issues that are informedby powerful interests.Moreover,if history is a guide,then we can  assume that any major transformations will once again be followed by a huge set of unintended consequences.So what do we do?

G)This much is clear:we need to find ways that help us flatten the hockey-stick curves that reflect our ever-faster pace of ecological destruction and social acceleration.If we acknowledge that human manipulationof the Earth has been a destructive force,we can also imagine that human endeavours can help us builda lessdestructive world in the centuries to come.We might keep  making mistakes.But we will also keep leaning from our mistakes.

H)To counter the fears of disaster,we need to identify stories,visions and actions that work quietly towards a more hopeful future.Instead of one big narrative,a story of unexpected rescue by a larger-than-life hero,we need multiple stories:we need stories,not only of what Rob Nixon of Princeton University has called the⁴slow violence'of environmental degradation(that is,the damage that is often invisible at first and develops slowly and gradually),but also stories of what I call‘slow hope'.

I)We needan acknowledgement of our present ecological plight but also a language of positive change,visions  of a better future.In The Principleof Hope(1954-1959),Emst Bloch,one of the leading philosophers of the  future,wrote that‘the most tragic form of loss..is the loss of the capacity to imagine that things could bedifferent’.We need to identify visions and paths that wil helpus imagine a different,more just and more ecological world.Hope,for Bloch,has its starting point in fear,in uncertainty,and in crisis:it is a creative force that goes hand in hand with utopian (乌托邦的)‘wishful images'.It can be found in cultural products of the past—in fairy tales,in fiction,in architecture,in music,in the movies—in products of the human mind that contain'the outlines of a better world'.What makes us‘authentic’as humans are visions of our*potential".In other words:living in hope makes us human.

J)The power of small,grassroots movements to make changes that spread beyond their place of origincan be seen with the Slow Food movement,which began in Italy in the 1980s.The rise of fast-food restaurants after the Second World War produced a society full of cheap,industrially made foodstuffs.Under the leadershipof Carlo Petrini,the Slow Food movement began in Piedmont,a region of ltaly with a long history of poverty,violence and resistance to oppression.The movement transformed it into a region hospitable to traditional food cultures—based on native plants and breeds of animals.Today,Slow Food operates in more than 160 countries,poor and rich.It has given rise to thousands of projects around the globe,representing democratic politics,food sovereignty,biodiversity and sustainable agriculture.

K)The unscrupulous(无所顾忌的)commodification of food and the destruction of foodstuffs will continue to  devastate soils,livelihoods and ecologies.Slow Food cannot undo the irresistible developments of the global food economy,but it can upset its theorists,it can*speak differently', and it can allow people andtheir local food traditions and environments to flourish.Even in the United States—the fast-food nation—small farms and urban gardens are on the rise.The US Department of Agriculture provides an Urban Agriculture Toolkit and,according to a recent report,American millennials(千禧一代) are changing their diets.In 2017,6 per cent of US consumers claimed to be strictly vegetarian,up from I per cent in 2014.As more people realise that'eating is an agricultural act',as the US poet and environmental activist Wendell Berry put it in 1989,slow hope advances.

36.It seems some people today dream that a cutting-edge new technology might save them from the present ecological disaster.

37.According to one great thinker,it is most unfortunate if we lose the ability to think differently.

38.Urgent attention should be paid to the ecological problems we have created in our pursuit of a comfortable life.

39.Even in the fast-food nation America,the number of vegetarians ison the rise.

40.The deterioration of the ecological system is acceleratingbecause of the dramatic increase of human production and consumption.

41.It is obvious that solutions must be found to curb the fast worsening environment and social acceleration.

42.Many people believe changing the world is possible,though it may take time and involve setbacks.

43.It might be wrong to expect that our world would be saved at one stroke with somemiraculous technology.

44.It is human nature to cherish hopes for a better world.

45.Technology has givenus humans the power to change the natural world,but we have paid a price for the change.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marhed A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Vegetarians would prefer not to becompelled to eat meat.Yet the reverse compulsion(强迫)is hidden in the proposals for a new plant-based “planetary diet.”Nowhere is this more visible than in India.

Earlier this year,theEAT-Lancet Commission released its global report onnutrition and called for a global shift to a more plant-based diet and for“substantiallyreducing consumption of animal source foods.”In countries like India,that call could become a tool to aggravate an already tense political situation and stress already undernourished populations.

The EAT report presumes that“traditional diets”in countries like India include litle red meat, which might be consumed only on special occasions or as minor ingredients in mixed dishes.

In India,however,there is a vast difference between what people would wish to consume and what they have to consume because of innumerable barriers around class,religion,culture,cost, geography,etc.Policymakers in India have traditionally pushed for a cereal-heavy "vegetariandiet" on a meat-eating population as a wayof providing the cheapest sources of food.

Currently,under an aggressive Hindu nationalist government,Muslims,Christians,disadvantaged classes and indigenous communities are being compelled to give up their traditional foods.

None of these concerns seem to have been appreciated by the EAT-Lancet Commission's representative,Brent Loken,who said“India has got such a great example”in sourcing protein from plants.

But how much of a model for the world is India's vegetarianism?In the Global Hunger Index 2019,the country ranks 102nd out of 117.Data from the National Family Health Survey indicate that only 10 percent of infants of 6 to 23 months are adequately fed.

Which is why calls for a plant-based diet modeled on India risk offering another whip with which to beat already vulnerable communities in developing countries.

A diet directed at the affluent West fails to recognize that in low-income countries undermourished children are known to benefit fromthe consumption of milk and otheranimal source foods,improving cognitive functions,while reducing the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies as well as mortality.

EAT-Lancet claimedits intention was to“spark conversations”among all Indian stakeholders. Yet vocal critics of the food processing industry and food fortification strategies have been left out of the debate.But the most conspicuous omission may well be the absence of India'sfarmers.

The government,however,seems to have given the report a thumps-up.Rather than addressing chronic húnger and malnutrition through an improved access towholesome and nutrient-dense foods, the government is opening the door for company-dependent solutions,ignoring the environmental and economic cost,which wll destroy local food  systems.It's a model full of danger for future generations.

46.What ismore visible in India than anywhere else according to the passage?

A)People's positive views on the proposals for a“planetary diet.”

B)People's reluctance to be compelled to eat plant-based food.

C)People's preferences for the kind of food they consume.

D)People's unwillingness to give up their eating habits.

47.What would the EAT-Lancet Commission's report doto many people in countries like India?

A)Radically change their dietary habits.

B)Keep them further away from politics.

C)Make them even more undernourished.

D)Substantiallyreduce their food choices.

48.What dowe learn from the passage about food consumption in India? 

A)People's diet will not change due to the EAT-Lancet report.

B)Many people simply do not have access to foods they prefer.

C)There isa growing popularity of a cereal-heavy vegetarian diet.

D)Policymakers help remove the barriers to people's choice of food.

49.What does the passage say about a plant-based diet modeled on India? 

A)It may benefit populations whose traditional diet is meat-based.

B)It may beanother blow to the economy in developing countries.

C)It may help narrow the gap between the rich and poor countries.

D)It may worsen the nourishment problem in low-income countries.

50.How does the Indian government respond to the EAT-Lancet Commission's proposals?

A)It accepts them at the expense of the long-term interests ofits people.

B)It intends them to spark conversations among all Indian stakeholders.

C)It gives them approval regardless of opposition from nutrition experts.

D)It welcomes them as a tool to address chronic hunger and malnutrition.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Back in 1964,in his book Games People Play,psychiatrist Eric Beme described a pattern of conversation he called"Why Don't You—Yes But",which remains one of the mostirritating aspects of everyday social life.The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer.Something is terrible about their relationship,job,or other situation,and they moan about it ceaselessly,but find some excuse to dismiss any solution that's proposed.The reason,of course,is that on some level they don't want a solution;they want to be validated in their position that the world is out to get them.If they can"win"the game—dismissing every suggestion until their interlocutor(对话者)gives up in annoyance—they get to feel pleasurably righteous(正当的)in their resentments and excused from any obligation to change.

Part of the trouble here is the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy(谬误) .When you're feeling hard done by—taken for granted by your partner,say,or obliged to work for a half-witted boss—it's casy to become attached to the position that it's not your job to address the matter,and that doing so wouldbe an admission of fault.But there's a confusion here.For example,if I were to discover a newbormat my front door,it wouldn't bemy fault,but it most certainly would be my responsibility. There would be choices to make,and no possibility of avoiding them,since trying to ignore the matter would be a choice.The point is that what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all cases: even if the other person is 100% in the wrong,there's nothing to be gained,long-term,from using this as a justification to evade responsibility.

Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining,there's an ingenious way to shut it down—which is to agreewith it,ardently.Psychotherapist Lori Gotlieb describes this as“over-validation”.For one thing,you'll be spared further moaning,since the other person's motivation was to confirm her beliefs,and now you're confirming them.But for another,as Gottlieb notes,people confronted with over-validation often hear their complaints afresh and start arguing back.The notion that they're utterly powerless suddenly seems unrealistic—not to mention rather annoying—so they're prompted instead to generate ideas about how they might change things.

“And then,sometimes,something magical might happen,”Gottlieb writes.The other person “might realise she's not as trapped as you are saying she is,or as she feels.”Which illustrates the irony of the responsibility/fault fallacy:evading responsibility feels comfortable,but turns out to be a prison;whereas assuming responsibility feels unpleasant,but ends up being freeing.

51.What is characteristic of a chronic complainer,according to psychiatrist Eric Berne? 

A)Theyonly feel angry about their ll treatment and resent whoevertries to help

B)They are chronically unhappy and ceaselessly find fault with people around them

C)They constantly dismis others'proposals while taking no responsibility for tackling the problem.

D)They lack the knowledge and basic skills required for sucessful conversations with their interlocutors.

52.What does the author try to illustrate with the example of the newbom on one's doorstep? 

A)People tend to think that one should not be heldresponsible for others'mistakes.

B)It is easy to become attached to the position of overlookingone's own fault. 

C)People are often at a loss when confronted with a number of choices.

D)A distinction should be drawn between responsibility and fault.

53.What does the author advise people to do to chronic complainers? 

A)Stop them from going further by agreeing with them.

B)Listen to their complaimts ardently and sympathetically.

C)Ask them to validate their beliefs with further evidence.

D)Persuade them to clarify the confusion they havecaused.

54.What happens when chronic complainers receive over validation?

A)They are motivated to find ingenious ways to persuade their interlocutor.

B)They are prompted to come up with ideas for making possible changes.

C)They are stimulated to make more complaimts.

D)They are encouraged to start arguing back.

55.How can one stop being a chronic complainer according to the author?

A)Analysing the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy. 

B)Avoiding hazardous traps in everyday social life.   

C)Assuming responsibility to freeoneself.

D)Awaiting something magical to happen.

26.答案：N)vacaney

【解析】空格句指出，旧金山酒店正在经历70%～80%的_____率。结合上文“疫情暴发浇灭了美国人的旅行愿望”“美铁订票量下降/退票量上升”可知，空格句应意在说明“旅游业萧条导致酒店经营惨淡”,再结合70 and 80 percent这一较高占比可知空格词应传递“空房/退订/下滑/亏损”等负面语义，故N正确。

27.答案：I)scale

【解析】空格句指出，大学正在清校，开始尝试此前从未尝试过的_____在线学习。由上下文“人际互动活动彻底崩溃”“员工居家办公”可知，空格句意在说明疫情使大学被迫清空校园，全面开启在线学习，“on this_____”应凸显线上学习“规模之大/范围之广/参与人数之多”等，故空格词应表示“范围/规模/程度”等意，I正确。

28.答案：F)foreseeable

【解析】空格句指出，白领公司要求员工在未来居家办公。可见，“for the_____future”限定居家办公的持续时间，结合上文“新冠病毒肆虐，人际互动崩塌”可知，在疫情影响下，“居家办公”这一新型工作模式会在未来一段时间内一直持续，空格词应传递出这种可预见性、可预估性。for the foreseeable future 为固定搭配，表示“(在)可预见的将来”,结合语境即“在受疫情影响的未来一段时间内”,故F正确。

29.答案：J)strangle

【解析】空格句指出，这场大流行病会夺去生命、 _____经济、坏破日常生活，但它终将过去。可见，“_____经济”应与“夺去生命”“坏破生活”为并列关系，空格词应指向对经济的“抑制/破坏/阻碍”等作用，J正确。

30.答案：G)predictions

【解析】空格句指出，迄今为止，没有哪项分散性的技术削弱了人们握手的欲望，尽管技术专家们的_____与之相反。“de-(否定词缀)+centralizing(集中的)”暗示这些技术的设计初衷/理念应该是使人们分散化(降低人们面对面交流/握手的欲望),故让步状语despite technologists'_____ to the contrary应指向技术专家与前述事实“分散性技术未能让人们停止握手”相反的看法/观点/预测等，G正确。H)preference具有一定干扰性，填入句中看似能够形成human desire与technologists'preference的对比(despite/to the contrary),但是句内对比双方实为“技术专家的 ”与“分散技术并未降低人们握手的欲望这一现实情况”,即存在理想与现实之间的差异。

31.答案：D)disruptions 

【解析】第四段②句指出，小的  31  带来小的社会转变；大的  31  (ones回指空31)则导致永久性改变。③句指出，纽约交通系统大罢工  32  促进长远变革。④句则具体介绍了1918年西班牙大流感对欧洲各国医疗保健系统发展的巨大促进作用。可见，③④句意在以“纽约交通系统大罢工、西班牙大流感”为例说明②句后半句“大的  31  则导致永久性改变”这一观点，空31应传递“社会重大危机/问题/破坏”等含义，D正确。

32.答案：B)credited

【解析】is  32  with应体现“交通大罢工”与“促进长远变革”之间的关系，结合上文观点“破坏导致社会变革”可知，“交通大罢工”为“因”,“促进长远变革”为“果”,故is_____with应体现因果逻辑，B符合文意，A be credited with B表示“把B归功于A”。

33.答案：H)preference 

【解析】第五段首句指出，“疫情过后会发生什么，疫情过后还能不能恢复到过去那样(this所指代内容)”甚至可能不是一个  33  问题。②③句则并列指出，不确定邮轮业会(不会)  34  ,也不确定公共交通 (会)不会破产。并列连词Or提示②③句应传递相似语义，故空34应传递“衰败/消失/存活”等意，M正确。 

34.答案：M)survive

【解析】②③句对“邮轮业是否幸存，公共交通是否破产”的探讨实际意在说明①句“疫情后的变化(还能不能回到过去)”不是由人们的主观意愿决定，而是客观实际所向，这不是一道选择题，空33应传递“取舍/偏好/意愿”等意，H正确。

35.答案E)federal

【解析】空格句指出，(目前尚不清楚)没有_____援助，公共交通会不会破产。空格下句指出，基础设施无法就位来做2019年能做的事。结合常识“公共交通、基础设施均隶属国家/政府机构，主要仰仗政府财政补贴”推测空格词应表“国家/政府/联邦”等意，E正确。

36.[答案]E 

[精析]E段介绍当下某些人的技术(工程师)拯救论“地球工程、超光速飞船等技术能拯救人类，助其摆脱全球变暖、能源紧缺等种种问题”。试题是对该段内容的同义概述，其中ecological disaster是对 rising temperatures、mountains of waste、polluted water等生态问题的高度概括。

37. [答案]I 

[精析]I段②句指出。未来哲学的领军人物之一布洛赫在《希望的原理》中写道。“最可悲的一种损失……莫过于想象未来存在不同可能性的能力的丧失”。试题是对此的同义转述。其中Acording to one great thinker是对句中Ernst Bloch,one of the leadingphilosophers of the future,wrote的同义改写。

38.[答案]C 

[精析]C段①句指出“不能再忽视我们在追求温暖和舒适过程中引发的生态问题”。试题同义转述该句，其中the ecological problems we have created是对the ecological curscs that we have released这 一比喻性表达的具象化解释(由上文B段内容可知curses即技术这个潘多拉之盒里装着的灾难)。

39.[答案]K 

[精析]首先，K段③句以同位语的形式明确“美国”即是“快餐国家”,随后⑤句指出，2017年6%的美国消费者称自己是严格的素食主义者，而2014年这一比例仅为1%。可知，试题是对上述两条信息的合理概括，其中the number...is on the rise是对⑤句6 per cent...up from l per cent的概述性表达。

40.[答案]D 

[精析]D段⑤至⑧句指出人类生产和消耗急剧加速的后果“改变了生物界和非生物界，在整个自然界引发反响，使得各种灾难沿着同样的曲线加速暴发”。试题是对此句群的合理概括，其中 deterioration of the ecological system概括包括Species extinction、deforestation、the degradation of ocean systems在内的种种现象，because of正确解读changed、echoed蕴含的因果关联。

41.[答案]G 

[精析]G段①句针对上段末设问“我们该如何是好”作出回答：显然，我们要找到帮助我们拉平那些反映着我们日益加快的生态破坏与社会加速步伐的曲棍球曲线的方法。试题是对该句内容的同义转述，其中It isobvious that契合句中This much is clear传递出的“显而易见”之意，curb the fast worsening environment and social acceleration明确句中flatten the hockey-stick curves这一比喻性表达的具体所指。

42.[答案]A 

[精析]A段先介绍当下十分普遍的一种观念“慢希望”,随后说明其特点“受‘改变是有可能’的这一信念的驱使，进展缓慢，充满挫折”。试题是对“慢希望”观念的同义转述，其中Many people believe契 合①句Our world is full of(表明观念的普遍性),take time and involve setbacks则是对*slow'in their unfolding、slow because they come with setbacks所体现的“费时、曲折”的高度概括。

43.[答案]F 

[精析]F段①②句指出技术(专家/工程师)拯救论不切实际“不能指望科学家去创造技术奇迹来拯救我们，单凭天才和技术设计出的一个宏大计划难以拯救我们的星球”。试题是对上述观点的合理概括，其中It might be wrong to expect对应if we envisage...we might be looking in the wrong place。

44.[答案]I 

[精析]I段⑤句先指出“人类心灵产物中蕴藏着一个更美好的世界的轮廓”,⑥⑦句随后指出 “憧憬自身潜力、生活在希望中，这些使得我们人得以成为人”,可见，三句意在说明“怀揣对美好世界的向往是人之本性”,试题是对此三句的合理归纳与概括。

45.[答案]B 

[精析]B段②句指出技术的正面作用“让人类得以改造和控制自然界”,③句转而暗示其负面效果“使人类为此付出代价”。试题是对两句内容的归纳概括，其中the change契合③句中these advances的真实所指“技术带来的对自然界的改造和控制”。

46.[定位]本题考查印度相比其他国家的突出之处。由题干关键信息more visible in India定位至首段末句。

[答案]B。首段末句指出：这一点(this)在印度最为明显。this回指前一句中the reverse compulsion,即与首句“强迫素食者吃肉”相反的“强迫肉食者吃素”。可见，印度的突出之处在于人们(概指食肉的人)不愿被迫吃素(即食用植物性食品),故B正确。

47.[定位]本题考查EAT-Lancet委员会报告对印度等国的民众的影响。由题干关键词the EAT- Lancet Commission's report定位至其首次出现的第二段。

[答案]C。第二段①句介绍EAT-Lancct委员会报告所呼吁的内容，②句指出该呼吁对印度等国的影响：使本已紧张的政治局势恶化，给本就营养不良的人群加压。C符合后一影响，即加剧人们营养不良的问题。

48.[定位]本题考查印度的食物摄取状况。根据题干关键词food consumption in India及题目顺序定位至第四段(In India...they have to consume...)。

[答案]B。第四段①句指出，由于受阶层、宗教、文化等差异的影响，人们想要食用的食物与不得不食用的食物存在巨大差别。可见，印度人根本没有办法按照自己意愿选择自己所喜欢的食物，故B正确。

49.[定位]本题考查“效仿印度的植物性饮食”相关信息，由关键词aplant-based diet modeled on India初步定位至第七、八段(a model for the world is India's vegetarianism、a plant-based diet modeledon India)。

[答案]D。第七段首句设问“印度素食主义的典范作用有多大?”,②③句说明印度的饥饿问题与婴儿温饱问题严峻。第八段继而明确效仿印度植物性饮食的危害：进一步打击发展中国家本已脆弱的社会群体。 综合可知，植物性饮食会使发展中国家的营养问题恶化，D正确。

50.[定位]本题考查印度政府对EAT-Lancet委员会提议的反应。由Indian government,the EAT- Lancet Commission's proposals可定位至末段(The government...the report、the government is...It's...)。

[答案]A。末段先指出“印度政府似乎对EAT-Lancet委员会的提议赞赏有加”,后介绍这一态度的影响；政府对“依靠公司”的处理方案敞开了大门，忽视视经济和环境成本，破坏当地食品系统，最终危害后代。 可见，印度政府不顾提议对人民的深远危害而将其接受，A正确。

51.[定位]本题考查惯性抱怨者的特征，根据题干中人名Eric Berne以及关键词characteristic of a chroniccomplainer定位至第一段②至⑤句(...a chronie complainer...)。

[答案]C。第一段②③句指出惯性抱怨者的行为特征：当人际关系、工作或其他方面出现糟糕的事情时，他们便会一边喋喋不休地抱怒，一边却又找借口拒绝别人提出来的任何解决方案。⑤句进一步指出他们的心理特征：自己的怨艾理所应当，没有任何责任/义务做出改变。故C正确，选项中dismiss others' proposals、taking no responsibility for tackling the problem同义替换原文dismiss any solution that's proposed、excused from any obligation to change。

52.[定位]本题考查事例的写作目的。由题干关键词the newborn on one's doorstep定位至第二段④⑤ ⑥句(if I were to discover a newborn...what goes for the baby on the doorstep...)。

[答案]D。第二段①②③句先引出新概念“责任/过错谬误”,即，将“责任”与“过错”混为一谈，④⑤⑥句再以“家门口的新生儿”为例指出“责任”与“过错”并不对等，以“过错并不在我”作为逃避责任的借口并不可取。可见“新生儿”的事例旨在解释“责任/过错谬误”这一概念，即“责任不等于过错/二者应当有所区分”。

53.[定位]本题考查作者就应对惯性抱怨者的建议，由advise...to do定位至第三段(there's an ingenious way to...)。

[答案]A。第三段①②句指出，针对惯性抱怨者，使其停止抱怨的方法是对其抱怨表示赞同，可见A正确，Stopthem from going further是对原文shu it down所含语义的明示。

54.[定位]本题考查惯性抱怨者被过度认可后的反应。由receive over-validation定位至第三段。

[答案]B。第三段③句指出惯性抱怨者受到过度认可后的及应一：停止抱怨。④⑤句指出反应二： 重新审视并反驳这种抱怨，并开始想办法改变现状。可见B正确，其中are prompted to come upwith ideas对 应⑤句they're prompted..to generate ideas;making possible changes对应how they might change things。

55.[定位]本题考查摆脱习惯性抱怨的方法，根据各选项关键词“责任/过错谬误”“困境”“神奇之事”以及试题命制顺序原则可定位至末段。

[答案]C。末段首两句先承上继续说明过度认可给惯性抱怨者带来的认知改变：他们并非深陷困境、除了抱怨外无计可施，而是具备主动权、有能力改变现状。末句随后揭示这一转变的启示：只有承担责任才能获得自由、解脱自我。可见C正确，其中Assuming responsibility to free oneself概括assuming responsibility feels unpleasant,but ends up being freeing暗含的应有做法。