[00:00.00]Chapter 9
[00:01.72]Dynasties in History
[00:03.87]In this unit, you will
[00:05.69]practise giving information about the dynasties and history of China,
[00:10.76]review the use of time prepositions,a use of passive voice,and the causative verb,
[00:19.33]learn one way to change verbs to nouns, five ways to change nouns to verb
[00:26.46]and the -ing form of the verb,
[00:29.83]expand your vocabulary in the areas of scholars, belief systems, and government officials.
[00:38.43]Part 1
[00:40.07]Pre-listening Exercises
[00:42.89]Exercises 1(b)
[00:46.13]dynasti
[00:47.80]histo
[00:49.21]civilizati
[00:51.15]probab
[00:52.51]schola
[00:54.39]agr
[00:55.82]historia
[00:57.73]descend
[00:59.53]cultu
[01:00.71]lacquer
[01:02.07]potte
[01:03.61]writi
[01:04.76]syst
[01:05.99]recor
[01:07.29]orac
[01:08.78]bon
[01:10.14]Exercises 2(b)
[01:12.88]should
[01:14.40]blad
[01:16.04]pi
[01:17.51]characte
[01:19.39]scratch
[01:21.06]telli
[01:22.63]futu
[01:24.35]exist
[01:25.84]advanc
[01:27.51]bron
[01:29.13]met
[01:30.36]worke
[01:32.16]Comprehension Exercises
[01:34.98]Exercises 3(b)
[01:38.06]Guest:This is my first visit to China, and I'd like to learn more about your histor
[01:44.62]What are the main dynasties I should know about?
[01:48.09]Host:Well, China has a very long history. Our civilization is probably the oldest in the worl
[01:57.52]Most of our scholars agree that the first dynasty was the Xia about 2200 to 1750 B.
[02:08.86]Historians think the Xia descended from the Longshan culture in the Yellow River Valle
[02:17.12]They made beautiful black-lacquered pottery.
[02:20.96]Guest:Did they invent your writing system?
[02:24.04]Host:Scholars think the Xia dynasty had a writing system, but the best records are from the Shang dynast
[02:33.86]Have you heard about the Shang oracle bones? The bones were the shoulder blades of pigs and had Chinese characters scratched on the
[02:45.09]The bones were used for telling the future. The Shang dynasty existed between about 1700 and 1000 B.
[02:57.27]Its people were very advanced bronze metal workers.
[03:02.57]Pronunciation Exercises
[03:05.44]Exercises 4(b)
[03:08.47]a very long histo
[03:11.35]probably the oldest in the wor
[03:14.74]Most of our scholars agr
[03:18.03]the first dynas
[03:20.54]descended from the Longshan cultu
[03:24.20]black-lacquered potte
[03:27.02]a writing syst
[03:29.32]Chinese characters scratched on th
[03:32.95]telling the futu
[03:35.22]between about 1700 and 1000 B.
[03:40.60]very advanced bronze metal worke
[03:44.63]the best recor
[03:46.98]Shang oracle bon
[03:49.80]the shoulder blades of pi
[03:53.12]Exercises 5(b)
[03:55.86]China has a very long history.
[03:59.18]Our history is probably the oldest in the world.
[04:02.96]Most of our scholars agree.
[04:05.34]The first dynasty was the Xia.
[04:08.22]The Xia descended from the Longshan culture.
[04:11.85]They made beautiful black-lacquered pottery.
[04:15.45]Scholars think the Xia dynasty had a writing system.
[04:19.84]The best records are from the Shang dynasty.
[04:23.50]Have you heard about the Shang oracle bones?
[04:27.10]The bones had Chinese characters scratched on them.
[04:31.07]The bones were used for telling the future.
[04:34.99]People of the Shang dynasty were very advanced bronze metal workers.
[04:40.40]Consolidation Exercises
[04:43.43]Exercises 6.
[04:45.73]Guest:This is my first visit to China, and I'd like to learn more about your histor
[04:50.77]What are the main dynasties I should know about?
[04:53.88]Host:Well, China has a very long history. Our civilization is probably the oldest in the worl
[05:01.01]Most of our scholars argee that the first dynasty was the Xia about 2200 to 1750 B.
[05:09.13]Historians think the Xia descended from the Longshan culture in the Yellow River Valley
[05:15.87]They made beautiful black-lacquered pottery.
[05:19.48]Guest:Did they invent your writing system?
[05:22.04]Host:Scholars think the Xia dynasty had a writing system, but the best records are from the Shang dynast
[05:29.82]Have you heard about the Shang oracle bone
[05:32.93]The bones were the shoulder blades of pigs and had Chinese characters scratched on the
[05:38.91]The bones were used for telling the future
[05:42.02]The Shang dynasty existed between about 1700 and 1000 B.C
[05:47.95]Its people were very advanced bronze metal workers.
[05:52.24]Exercises 7(b)
[05:54.80]1)Our civilization is probably the oldest in the world.
[06:01.25]2)Most of our scholars agree that the first dynasty was the Xia.
[06:07.93]3)Historians think the Xia descended from the Longshan.
[06:13.34]4)The best records are from the Shang dynasty.
[06:18.07]5)Have you heard about the oracle bones?
[06:23.06]6)The bones had Chinese characters scratched on them.
[06:28.62]7)The bones were used for telling the future.
[06:33.06]Expansion Exercises
[06:35.83]Vocabulary Development
[06:38.24]Exercises 8(b)
[06:41.14]philosoph
[06:43.17]po
[06:44.56]lingui
[06:46.13]archaeologi
[06:48.11]geograph
[06:49.86]mathematici
[06:51.53]chemi
[06:52.81]sociologi
[06:54.62]astronom
[06:56.44]anthropologi
[06:58.77]physici
[07:00.55]political scienti
[07:02.58]Exercises 9(b)
[07:05.59]civilize civilization
[07:09.74]colonize colonization
[07:13.42]categorize categorization
[07:17.89]formalize formalization
[07:21.97]infustrialize industrialization
[07:26.90]legalize legalization
[07:30.69]normalize normalization
[07:35.29]rationalize rationalization
[07:39.99]systemize systemization
[07:44.51]standardize standardization
[07:48.92]desce
[07:50.81]descende
[07:52.45]asce
[07:54.36]ascende
[07:56.26]depe
[07:57.83]depende
[07:59.50]conte
[08:01.44]contende
[08:03.61]Part 2
[08:05.30]Pre-listening Exercises
[08:07.71]Exercises 1(b)
[08:10.32]ne
[08:11.73]gain
[08:13.06]pow
[08:14.63]ov
[08:16.20]secti
[08:17.53]pea
[08:18.86]stabili
[08:20.66]midd
[08:22.00]numb
[08:23.22]rul
[08:24.71]principaliti
[08:26.49]defeat
[08:27.98]ar
[08:29.21]barbaria
[08:31.03]peri
[08:32.13]last
[08:33.62]ti
[08:35.03]beli
[08:36.39]la
[08:38.01]legali
[08:39.78]Exercises 2(b)
[08:43.23]gove
[08:44.75]divid
[08:46.34]ju
[08:47.80]perfect
[08:49.50]administrati
[08:51.83]ethn
[08:53.37]extend
[08:54.99]boundari
[08:57.05]be
[08:58.46]kno
[08:59.98]reputati
[09:02.25]brillia
[09:04.05]ni
[09:05.83]civ
[09:07.16]w
[09:08.52]destroy
[09:10.35]mode
[09:11.94]creat
[09:13.51]Comprehension Exercises
[09:16.09]Exercises 3(b)
[09:19.07]Guest:Who came next?
[09:20.85]Host:The Western Zhou dynasty gained power over the Shang in a section of the Yellow River Valley and kept peace and stability for hundreds of year
[09:30.70]The Zhou were located in the middle of a number of principalities
[09:36.50]That's where we get the name - the Middle Kingdom. In 771 B.C
[09:44.62]the Zhou were defeated by an army of barbarians from the west of Chin
[09:51.18]They moved east and became the Eastern Zhou.
[09:55.36]The period of the Eastern Zhou lasted until about 221 B.C. It is often known as the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Perio
[10:09.15]That was the time when Daoism grew as a belie
[10:13.83]It was the time of Confucius. And, it was the time in history when Chinese Legalism gre
[10:23.15]The Legalists created a set of laws to help govern a very divided China.
[10:30.52]In 221 B.C., the Qin Dynasty was established. China was unified as on
[10:39.71]Under the Qin rulers, the Great Wall was built, and the country began to adopt a uniform system of writing, money and measurement.
[10:52.56]Guest:What about the more modern dynasties?
[10:55.75]Host:If we jump a few hundred years we get to the Han dynasty about 206 B.
[11:03.95]to 220 A.D. This dynasty was very important in Chinese histor
[11:11.71]They perfected an administrative system that was continued by every other dynasty in the history of the countr
[11:21.25]The Han became the largest and most important ethnic group in China.
[11:26.89]Guest:I've heard a lot about the Tang dynasty. Why were they so important?
[11:32.32]Host:Our historians think the Tang were probably just as important as the Ha
[11:39.22]The Tang extended China's boundaries north to Siberia and to Korea in the eas
[11:46.51]I think one of the best known rulers of the dynasty was the Empress Wu
[11:53.19]She has a reputation for being brilliant, but not a very nice perso
[12:01.24]The Tangs lost power because of a civil war that destroyed the dynasty.
[12:07.51]Pronunciation Exercises
[12:10.25]Exercises 4(b)
[12:13.41]gained power over the Sha
[12:16.65]in a secti
[12:18.48]kept peace and stabili
[12:21.75]an army of Barbaria
[12:25.22]lasted until about 221 B.
[12:29.40]as a beli
[12:31.41]time of Confuci
[12:34.26]the time in histo
[12:36.56]a set of la
[12:39.01]a very divided Chi
[12:41.94]jump a few hundred yea
[12:45.36]an administrative syst
[12:48.47]by every other dynas
[12:51.68]the history of the count
[12:54.74]the largest and most importan
[12:58.11]ethnic gro
[13:00.02]just as important as the H
[13:03.20]one of the best known rule
[13:06.13]a reputation for being brillia
[13:09.58]a very nice pers
[13:12.19]lost pow
[13:14.17]because of a civil w
[13:16.94]Exercises 5(b)
[13:20.31]The Western Zhou dynasty gained power over the Shang.
[13:24.49]The Zhou kept peace and stability for hundreds of years.
[13:29.06]The Zhou were located in the middle of a number of principalities.
[13:34.11]The Zhou were defeated by an army of Barbarians.
[13:38.15]The Eastern Zhou lasted until about 221 B.C.
[13:43.48]Daoism grew as a belief.
[13:46.41]It was also the time of Confucius.
[13:50.01]It was the time in history when Chinese Legalism grew.
[13:55.00]The Legalists created a set of laws to help govern China.
[14:00.46]If we jump a few hundred years we get to the Han dynasty.
[14:05.64]The Han perfected an administrative system.
[14:09.58]The system was continued by every other dynasty in the history of the country.
[14:16.06]The Han became the largest and most important ethnic group.
[14:20.81]The Tang extended China's boundaries.
[14:24.47]One of the best known rulers was the Empress Wu.
[14:28.86]She had a reputation for being brilliant.
[14:32.33]The Tang lost power because of a civil war.
[14:36.51]Consolidation Exercises
[14:39.36]Exercises 6.
[14:41.40]Guest:Who came next?
[14:43.36]Host:The Western Zhou gained power over the Shang in a section of the Yellow River Valley and kept peace and stability for hundreds of year
[14:53.05]The Zhou were located in the middle of a number of principalities and ruled over those principalitie
[14:59.94]That's where we get the name - the Middle Kingdom. In 771 B.C
[15:06.19]the Zhou were defeated by an army of barbarians from the west of Chin
[15:11.23]They moved east and became the Eastern Zhou.
[15:14.44]The period of the Eastern Zhou lasted until about 221 B.C. It is often known as the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Perio
[15:25.52]That was the time when Daoism grew as a belief. It was the time of Confuciu
[15:31.58]And, it was the time in history when Chinese Legalism grew
[15:36.20]The Legalists created a set of laws to help govern a very divided China.
[15:41.95]In 221 B.C., the Qin Dynasty was establishe
[15:47.41]China was unified as one. Under the Qin rulers
[15:51.69]the Great Wall was built, and the country began to adopt a uniform system of writin
[15:57.34]money and measurement.
[15:59.63]Guest:What about the more modern dynasties?
[16:02.51]Host:If we jump a few hundred years we get to the Han dynasty about 206 B.C. to 220 A.
[16:10.71]This dynasty was very important in Chinese history. They perfected an administrative system that was continued by every other dynasty in the history of the countr
[16:22.39]The Han became the largest and most important ethnic group in China.
[16:27.01]Guest:I've heard a lot about the Tang dynasty.Why were they so importan
[16:32.44]The Tang extended China's boundaries north to Siberia and to Korea in the eas
[16:38.48]I think one of the best known rulers of the dynasty was the Empress W
[16:43.08]She has a reputation for being brillian
[16:46.29]but not a very nice perso
[16:48.98]The Tangs lost power because of a civil war that destroyed the dynasty.
[16:54.57]Exercises 7(b)
[16:58.07]1)They kept peace and stability for hundreds of years.
[17:03.84]2)The Zhou were in the middle of a number of principalities.
[17:09.98]3)The Zhou were defeated by an army of Barbarians.
[17:15.83]4)The period of the Eastern Zhou lasted until 220 B.C.
[17:21.84]5)Daoism grew as a belief.
[17:25.71]6)They perfected an administrative system.
[17:30.78]7)The Han became the most important ethnic group.
[17:36.18]8)She has a reputation for being brilliant.
[17:41.56]Expansion Exercises
[17:44.39]Exercises 8(b)
[17:46.95]Buddhi
[17:48.28]Hindui
[17:49.74]Shintoi
[17:51.23]Isl
[17:52.46]Judai
[17:53.71]Christiani
[17:55.49]Mystici
[17:57.34]Catholici
[17:58.96]Lamai
[18:00.61]Shamani
[18:02.20]Animi
[18:03.48]Panthei
[18:05.00]Word Building
[18:06.54]Exercises 9(b)
[18:09.62]power
[18:11.03]powerful
[18:12.70]powerless
[18:14.74]ca
[18:16.18]caref
[18:17.56]carele
[18:19.34]he
[18:20.62]helpf
[18:22.11]helple
[18:23.73]thoug
[18:25.19]thoughtf
[18:26.73]thoughtle
[18:28.59]ta
[18:29.84]tactf
[18:31.56]tactle
[18:33.29]us
[18:34.72]usef
[18:35.95]usele
[18:37.57]ha
[18:38.88]harmf
[18:40.42]harmle
[18:41.88]shame
[18:43.21]shameful
[18:45.02]shameless
[18:46.69]colo
[18:47.86]colourf
[18:49.30]colourle
[18:51.23]Part 3
[18:53.14]Pre-listening Exercises
[18:55.94]Exercises 1(b)
[18:59.20]real
[19:00.59]occupati
[19:02.41]used
[19:03.98]t
[19:04.97]officia
[19:06.83]ope
[19:08.24]invent
[19:09.99]follow
[19:11.24]cru
[19:12.86]pret
[19:13.93]Exercises 2(b)
[19:16.81]b
[19:18.22]execut
[19:19.84]prime minist
[19:22.16]plotti
[19:23.73]again
[19:25.35]chang
[19:27.15]mov
[19:28.67]emper
[19:30.05]fortifi
[19:31.93]on
[19:33.81]rememb
[19:35.75]la
[19:37.34]last
[19:38.93]elder
[19:40.66]reca
[19:42.33]gradu
[19:43.92]decli
[19:45.75]rebellio
[19:47.92]happen
[19:49.38]forei
[19:50.72]Comprehension Exercises
[19:53.56]Exercises 3(b)
[19:57.19]Guest:What about the Mongols?
[19:59.91]Host:The Mongols were not really a dynasty, but they called themselves the Yuan dynast
[20:07.85]They were really an occupation government. They used the Mongol language and many top government officials were Mongol
[20:18.35]Everyone knows Khubilai Khan who had the Grand Canal extende
[20:25.12]The Peking Opera was invented in this period. The Ming dynasty followed the Mongols.
[20:33.03]Guest:Were the Ming rulers really cruel?
[20:36.22]Host:Well, yes. Some of them were pretty bad
[20:40.98]The first Emperor had 40,000 people executed because his own prime minister was plotting against hi
[20:50.67]But the Ming made a lot of changes. They unified China and moved the capital to Beijin
[20:58.92]and they fortified the Great Wall. They were the ones who built the Forbidden City.
[21:06.31]Guest:Do many modern Chinese people remember the last of the Manchu dynasty?
[21:11.64]Host:Yes. That dynasty lasted until 1911, so very elderly people might recall the last day
[21:21.75]The Manchu period saw the gradual decline of dynastic Chin
[21:27.92]There were a number of rebellions, including the famous Boxer Rebellio
[21:34.42]The Opium Wars happened in this dynastic period, to
[21:39.91]The last of the Manchu period was also the time when a lot of foreign countries forced their way into Chin
[21:48.89]Hong Kong was leased to Britain at that tim
[21:52.86]Since 1911 many things have changed here in China.
[21:57.88]Pronunciation Exercises
[22:00.73]Exercises 4(b)
[22:03.73]not really a dynas
[22:06.87]an occupation governme
[22:10.00]government officia
[22:12.93]was invented in this peri
[22:16.40]followed the Mongo
[22:18.54]some of them were pretty b
[22:22.12]had 40,000 people execut
[22:26.67]his own prime minist
[22:29.41]plotting against h
[22:32.05]made a lot of chang
[22:35.13]moved the capital to Beiji
[22:38.76]fortified the Great Wa
[22:41.79]lasted until 19
[22:45.19]very elderly peop
[22:47.85]recall the last da
[22:51.19]the gradual decli
[22:53.81]a number of rebellio
[22:56.76]the famous Boxer Rebelli
[22:59.89]a lot of foreign countri
[23:03.42]was leased to Brita
[23:05.95]Exercises 5(b)
[23:08.67]The Mongols were not really a dynasty.
[23:12.28]They were really an occupation government.
[23:15.70]Many top government officials were Mongols.
[23:19.30]Every knows Khubilai Khan.
[23:22.20]The Ming dynasty followed the Mongols.
[23:25.21]Some of them were pretty ba
[23:27.84]The first Ming Emperor had 40,000 people executed.
[23:32.99]His own prime minister was plotting against him.
[23:36.54]The Mings made a lot of changes.
[23:39.60]They moved the capital to Beijing.
[23:42.50]They fortified the Great Wall.
[23:45.58]They built the Forbidden City.
[23:48.38]The Manchu dynasty lasted until 1911.
[23:53.05]Very elderly people might recall the last days.
[23:58.43]The Manchu saw the gradual decline of dynastic China.
[24:03.87]There were a number of rebellions.
[24:06.71]A lot of foreign countries forced their way into China.
[24:12.02]Hong Kong was leased to Britain at that time.
[24:16.82]Since 1991 many things have changed here in China.
[24:22.41]Consolidation Exercises
[24:25.10]Exercises 6.
[24:27.30]Guest:What about the Mongols?
[24:29.18]Host:The Mongols were not really a dynasty, but they called themselves the Yuan dynast
[24:36.23]They were really an occupation government
[24:39.55]They used the Mongol language and many top government officials were Mongol
[24:45.30]Everyone knows Khubilai Khan who had the Grand Canal extende
[24:50.89]The Peking Opera was invented in this period. The Ming dynasty followed the Mongols.
[24:57.76]Guest:Were the Ming rulers really cruel?
[25:00.34]Host:Well, yes. Some of them were pretty bad. The first Ming Emperor had 40,000 people executed because his own prime minister was plotting against hi
[25:12.10]But the Mings made a lot of changes. They unified China and moved the capital to Beijin
[25:19.26]and they fortified the Great Wall. They were the ones who built the Forbidden City.
[25:25.34]Guest:Do many modern Chinese people remember the last of the Manchu dynasty?
[25:30.70]Host:Yes. That dynasty lasted until 1911, so very elderly people might recall the last day
[25:38.85]The Manchu period saw the gradual decline of dynastic Chin
[25:43.84]There were a number of rebellions, including the famous Boxer Rebellio
[25:48.96]The Opium Wars happened in this dynastic period, too
[25:53.42]The last of the Manchu period was also the time when a lot of foreign countries forced their way into Chin
[26:00.53]Hong Kong was leased to Britain at that time. Since 1911 many things have changed here in China.
[26:08.55]Exercises 7(b)
[26:11.53]1)They were really an occupation government.
[26:16.28]2)Many top government officials were Mongols.
[26:21.24]3)The Ming dynasty followed the Mongols.
[26:25.84]4)The first Ming Emperor had 40,000 people executed.
[26:32.29]5)They fortified the Great Wall.
[26:36.03]6)That dynasty lasted until 1911.
[26:41.75]7)Elderly people might recall the last days.
[26:47.39]8)There were a number of rebellions.
[26:52.30]Expansion Exercises
[26:55.33]Vocabulary Development
[26:57.89]Exercises 8(b)
[27:01.19]minist
[27:02.94]advis
[27:04.53]assista
[27:05.99]bureaucr
[27:07.46]secreta
[27:09.02]diplom
[27:10.59]deputy minist
[27:12.52]cons
[27:13.93]audit
[27:15.48]manag
[27:16.68]supervis
[27:18.58]ambassad
[27:20.62]direct
[27:22.40]consulta
[27:24.10]under-secreta
[27:26.19]cle
[27:27.83]Word Building
[27:29.82]governi
[27:31.54]governi
[27:33.03]inventi
[27:34.62]inventi
[27:36.35]fortifyi
[27:38.10]fortifyi
[27:40.01]plotti
[27:41.62]plotti
[27:43.04]happeni
[27:44.84]happeni
[27:46.51]thinki
[27:48.18]thinki
[27:49.70]changi
[27:51.42]changi
[27:53.07]followi
[27:54.42]followi
[27:55.94]writi
[27:57.61]writi
[27:59.36]ruli
[28:00.77]ruli
[28:02.39]heari
[28:03.99]heari
[28:05.71]Listening Test
[28:07.67]1.Most of our scholars agree that the first dynasty was the Xia.
[28:14.20]2.Historians think the Xia descended from the Longshan culture.
[28:19.69]3.Scholars think the Xia dynasty created a writing system.
[28:27.13]4.The Zhou were located in a number of middle principalities.
[28:32.72]5.Daoism was a belief in the Zhou period.
[28:38.26]6.The Zhou were defeated by the barbarians from the west.
[28:44.42]7.If we jump for a few hundred years we get to the Han dynasty.
[28:51.24]8.The Tang were probably not important to the Han.
[28:56.57]9.One of the best rulers of the dynasty was the Empress Wu.
[29:02.97]10.Elderly people might recall the last days.
