Coffee growers in many countries are worried about a new European rule designed to prevent deforestation.
许多国家的咖啡种植者对欧洲一项旨在防止森林砍伐的新规定感到担忧。
Deforestation describes when developers cut down trees to make room for crops, buildings or land where cattle can graze.
森林砍伐指的是开发商砍伐树木，为农作物、建筑或牲畜放牧腾出空间。
The new rule goes into effect at the end of 2024. It covers products like coffee, cocoa, soy, palm oil, wood, rubber and beef. The European Union says all of those products result in tree cutting. The United Nations says deforestation is the world's second-leading cause of carbon emissions after the burning of fossil fuels.
新规定将于2024年底生效。它涵盖了咖啡、可可、大豆、棕榈油、木材、橡胶和牛肉等产品。欧盟表示，所有这些产品都会导致树木被砍伐。联合国表示，森林砍伐是仅次于化石燃料燃烧的世界第二大碳排放原因。
Large producers must show their products come from land where trees have not been cut down since 2020. Smaller producers must do the same but will be permitted to sell their products until July 2025.
大型生产商必须证明他们的产品来自自2020年以来没有砍伐树木的土地。较小的生产商也必须这样做，但可以在2025年7月之前销售他们的产品。
A report from the World Wildlife Fund showed that Europe's imports of products linked to forest-clearing caused the second-most deforestation in the world in 2017. That year, China was first. An expert said the new European rule could help prevent more deforestation and push farmers around the world to plant trees, vines and grasses.
世界自然基金会的一份报告显示，2017年，欧洲进口的与森林砍伐有关的产品造成了世界上第二大的森林砍伐。那一年，中国排名第一。一位专家表示，欧洲的新规定有助于防止更多的森林砍伐，并推动世界各地的农民种植树木、葡萄藤和草。
Helen Bellfield is a policy director at Global Canopy, a nonprofit organization based in Britain. It suggests business change their production methods that hurt the environment.
海伦·贝尔菲尔德是总部位于英国的非营利组织Global Canopy的政策主管。它建议企业改变破坏环境的生产方法。
She said the new EU rules could force governments to help farmers make changes. On the other hand, farmers could just sell to countries outside of the EU.
她说，欧盟的新规定可能会迫使政府帮助农民做出改变。另一方面，农民可以把农产品卖给欧盟以外的国家。
The world's top coffee producers include Vietnam, Ethiopia and Peru. Growers in those countries worry they will no longer be able to sell in Europe.
世界顶级咖啡生产国包括越南、埃塞俄比亚和秘鲁。这些国家的种植者担心他们将无法再在欧洲销售。
The new EU rules could help coffee farmers like Le Van Tam of Vietnam who has taken the environment into account. He first planted coffee in the Central Highlands area in 1995. At the time, he cleared land so he could grow as much coffee as possible. But in 2019, he changed his growing methods. Instead of using lots of fertilizers and pesticides, he started planting tamarind trees that add nutrients to the soil. He added black pepper vines and grass, which helps to keep the soil moist and prevents erosion. The changes qualified his coffee as "organic," which opened new markets and made his coffee more valuable. He did not produce more, but his profits went up, he said.
欧盟的新规定可以帮助像越南的Le Van Tam这样将环境考虑在内的咖啡农。1995年，他首次在中央高地地区种植咖啡。当时，他清理了土地，以便尽可能多地种植咖啡。但在2019年，他改变了种植方法。他没有使用大量化肥和杀虫剂，而是开始种植罗望子树，为土壤增加养分。他还种植了黑胡椒藤和黑胡椒草，这有助于保持土壤湿润，防止土壤侵蚀。这些变化使他的咖啡成为“有机”咖啡，这开辟了新的市场，使他的咖啡更有价值。他说，他没有生产更多的产品，但他的利润上升了。
Vietnam hopes that more farmers will make changes, which will permit them to sell in Europe and maintain the nation's rank as the world's second-largest coffee producer.
越南希望更多的农民做出改变，这将允许他们在欧洲销售，并保持该国作为世界第二大咖啡生产国的地位。
The news is not as good for those in Ethiopia and Peru. Orders for Ethiopian coffee are already falling and Peru's farmers who are in the Amazon River area may not be able to provide information required by the EU.
埃塞俄比亚和秘鲁的情况就不那么乐观了。埃塞俄比亚咖啡的订单已经在下降，亚马逊河流域的秘鲁农民可能无法提供欧盟要求的信息。
"There will be winners and losers," Bellfield said.
“会有赢家和输家，”贝尔菲尔德说。
Vietnam depends on Europe for 40 percent of its coffee sales. As soon as the new rules came out, the country began working to maintain its market share.
越南40%的咖啡销售来自欧洲。新规定一出台，该国就开始努力维持其市场份额。
Vietnamese officials worked with small farmers to make sure their land met the new EU requirements. In addition, it made a database showing where its coffee came from. Farmers like Tam got special certificates from international agencies that proved how his beans were grown.
越南官员与小农户合作，确保他们的土地符合欧盟的新要求。此外，它还建立了一个数据库，显示咖啡的来源。像谭这样的农民获得了国际机构颁发的特殊证书，证明他的豆子是如何种植的。
Tam said the extra work will be worth it because, even if his costs are higher, he can get more money for his coffee. "Otherwise, we will always be laborers," he said.
谭说，额外的工作是值得的，因为即使他的成本更高，他也可以从他的咖啡中赚到更多的钱。“否则，我们将永远是劳动者，”他说。
Small Vietnamese farmers still must get ready for the new rules. They will need technology to prove where their beans came from and that their land is certified by the EU. They will also need to be sure the qualified beans are not mixed with banned beans. From the harvest to shipment, new systems must be put into place to prevent errors.
越南的小农户仍然必须为新规定做好准备。他们将需要技术来证明他们的豆子来自哪里，他们的土地是由欧盟认证的。他们还需要确保合格的咖啡豆没有与违禁咖啡豆混合。从收获到运输，新的系统必须到位，以防止错误。
Brazil is another big coffee-producing nation. Since it already sells a lot to Europe, experts say most of its products already meet EU requirements.
巴西是另一个咖啡生产大国。由于它已经向欧洲销售了大量产品，专家们表示，它的大部分产品已经达到了欧盟的要求。
But farmers in Peru and Ethiopia may need more time. Gizat Worku is head of the Ethiopian Coffee Exporters Association. He said collecting data about the land of millions of small farmers will be a problem. "That requires a huge amount of resources," he said.
但是秘鲁和埃塞俄比亚的农民可能需要更多的时间。Gizat Worku是埃塞俄比亚咖啡出口商协会的负责人。他说，收集数百万小农户的土地数据将是一个问题。“这需要大量的资源，”他说。
Gizat said orders from Europe are already falling. Some coffee exporters are thinking about selling to the Middle East and China instead. Ethiopian coffee sells well in those places.
吉萨特说，来自欧洲的订单已经在减少。一些咖啡出口商正考虑将咖啡销往中东和中国。埃塞俄比亚咖啡在这些地方卖得很好。
"These regulations are going to have a tremendous impact," Gizat said.
“这些规定将产生巨大的影响，”吉扎特说。
许多国家的咖啡种植者对欧洲一项旨在防止森林砍伐的新规定感到担忧。
Deforestation describes when developers cut down trees to make room for crops, buildings or land where cattle can graze.
森林砍伐指的是开发商砍伐树木，为农作物、建筑或牲畜放牧腾出空间。
The new rule goes into effect at the end of 2024. It covers products like coffee, cocoa, soy, palm oil, wood, rubber and beef. The European Union says all of those products result in tree cutting. The United Nations says deforestation is the world's second-leading cause of carbon emissions after the burning of fossil fuels.
新规定将于2024年底生效。它涵盖了咖啡、可可、大豆、棕榈油、木材、橡胶和牛肉等产品。欧盟表示，所有这些产品都会导致树木被砍伐。联合国表示，森林砍伐是仅次于化石燃料燃烧的世界第二大碳排放原因。
Large producers must show their products come from land where trees have not been cut down since 2020. Smaller producers must do the same but will be permitted to sell their products until July 2025.
大型生产商必须证明他们的产品来自自2020年以来没有砍伐树木的土地。较小的生产商也必须这样做，但可以在2025年7月之前销售他们的产品。
A report from the World Wildlife Fund showed that Europe's imports of products linked to forest-clearing caused the second-most deforestation in the world in 2017. That year, China was first. An expert said the new European rule could help prevent more deforestation and push farmers around the world to plant trees, vines and grasses.
世界自然基金会的一份报告显示，2017年，欧洲进口的与森林砍伐有关的产品造成了世界上第二大的森林砍伐。那一年，中国排名第一。一位专家表示，欧洲的新规定有助于防止更多的森林砍伐，并推动世界各地的农民种植树木、葡萄藤和草。
Helen Bellfield is a policy director at Global Canopy, a nonprofit organization based in Britain. It suggests business change their production methods that hurt the environment.
海伦·贝尔菲尔德是总部位于英国的非营利组织Global Canopy的政策主管。它建议企业改变破坏环境的生产方法。
She said the new EU rules could force governments to help farmers make changes. On the other hand, farmers could just sell to countries outside of the EU.
她说，欧盟的新规定可能会迫使政府帮助农民做出改变。另一方面，农民可以把农产品卖给欧盟以外的国家。
The world's top coffee producers include Vietnam, Ethiopia and Peru. Growers in those countries worry they will no longer be able to sell in Europe.
世界顶级咖啡生产国包括越南、埃塞俄比亚和秘鲁。这些国家的种植者担心他们将无法再在欧洲销售。
The new EU rules could help coffee farmers like Le Van Tam of Vietnam who has taken the environment into account. He first planted coffee in the Central Highlands area in 1995. At the time, he cleared land so he could grow as much coffee as possible. But in 2019, he changed his growing methods. Instead of using lots of fertilizers and pesticides, he started planting tamarind trees that add nutrients to the soil. He added black pepper vines and grass, which helps to keep the soil moist and prevents erosion. The changes qualified his coffee as "organic," which opened new markets and made his coffee more valuable. He did not produce more, but his profits went up, he said.
欧盟的新规定可以帮助像越南的Le Van Tam这样将环境考虑在内的咖啡农。1995年，他首次在中央高地地区种植咖啡。当时，他清理了土地，以便尽可能多地种植咖啡。但在2019年，他改变了种植方法。他没有使用大量化肥和杀虫剂，而是开始种植罗望子树，为土壤增加养分。他还种植了黑胡椒藤和黑胡椒草，这有助于保持土壤湿润，防止土壤侵蚀。这些变化使他的咖啡成为“有机”咖啡，这开辟了新的市场，使他的咖啡更有价值。他说，他没有生产更多的产品，但他的利润上升了。
Vietnam hopes that more farmers will make changes, which will permit them to sell in Europe and maintain the nation's rank as the world's second-largest coffee producer.
越南希望更多的农民做出改变，这将允许他们在欧洲销售，并保持该国作为世界第二大咖啡生产国的地位。
The news is not as good for those in Ethiopia and Peru. Orders for Ethiopian coffee are already falling and Peru's farmers who are in the Amazon River area may not be able to provide information required by the EU.
埃塞俄比亚和秘鲁的情况就不那么乐观了。埃塞俄比亚咖啡的订单已经在下降，亚马逊河流域的秘鲁农民可能无法提供欧盟要求的信息。
"There will be winners and losers," Bellfield said.
“会有赢家和输家，”贝尔菲尔德说。
Vietnam depends on Europe for 40 percent of its coffee sales. As soon as the new rules came out, the country began working to maintain its market share.
越南40%的咖啡销售来自欧洲。新规定一出台，该国就开始努力维持其市场份额。
Vietnamese officials worked with small farmers to make sure their land met the new EU requirements. In addition, it made a database showing where its coffee came from. Farmers like Tam got special certificates from international agencies that proved how his beans were grown.
越南官员与小农户合作，确保他们的土地符合欧盟的新要求。此外，它还建立了一个数据库，显示咖啡的来源。像谭这样的农民获得了国际机构颁发的特殊证书，证明他的豆子是如何种植的。
Tam said the extra work will be worth it because, even if his costs are higher, he can get more money for his coffee. "Otherwise, we will always be laborers," he said.
谭说，额外的工作是值得的，因为即使他的成本更高，他也可以从他的咖啡中赚到更多的钱。“否则，我们将永远是劳动者，”他说。
Small Vietnamese farmers still must get ready for the new rules. They will need technology to prove where their beans came from and that their land is certified by the EU. They will also need to be sure the qualified beans are not mixed with banned beans. From the harvest to shipment, new systems must be put into place to prevent errors.
越南的小农户仍然必须为新规定做好准备。他们将需要技术来证明他们的豆子来自哪里，他们的土地是由欧盟认证的。他们还需要确保合格的咖啡豆没有与违禁咖啡豆混合。从收获到运输，新的系统必须到位，以防止错误。
Brazil is another big coffee-producing nation. Since it already sells a lot to Europe, experts say most of its products already meet EU requirements.
巴西是另一个咖啡生产大国。由于它已经向欧洲销售了大量产品，专家们表示，它的大部分产品已经达到了欧盟的要求。
But farmers in Peru and Ethiopia may need more time. Gizat Worku is head of the Ethiopian Coffee Exporters Association. He said collecting data about the land of millions of small farmers will be a problem. "That requires a huge amount of resources," he said.
但是秘鲁和埃塞俄比亚的农民可能需要更多的时间。Gizat Worku是埃塞俄比亚咖啡出口商协会的负责人。他说，收集数百万小农户的土地数据将是一个问题。“这需要大量的资源，”他说。
Gizat said orders from Europe are already falling. Some coffee exporters are thinking about selling to the Middle East and China instead. Ethiopian coffee sells well in those places.
吉萨特说，来自欧洲的订单已经在减少。一些咖啡出口商正考虑将咖啡销往中东和中国。埃塞俄比亚咖啡在这些地方卖得很好。
"These regulations are going to have a tremendous impact," Gizat said.
“这些规定将产生巨大的影响，”吉扎特说。
