21.1 概 说
21.1.1 宾语的种类
宾语有下面几类:
1) 直接宾语——绝大多数及物动词都跟有直接宾语,成语动词有些也跟有宾语,表示动作的对象、承受者或后果:
We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。(动作对象)
They robbed a bank. 他们抢劫了一家银行。(动作承受者)
Then he composed a symphony. 此后他谱写了一首交响曲。(动作结果)
Who put forward the suggestion? 这建议是谁提出的?
2) 间接宾语——双宾动词后可跟两个宾语,一个是直接宾语,一个是间接宾语,间接宾语表示动作是向某人或为某人做的:
主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语
————————————————————————
Auntie gave me a toy car.
My wife sends you her greeting.
I will play you some light music.
He bought himself a new tie.
关于间接宾语可参阅第13.4.1节。
3) 复合宾语——是由两部分构成的宾语,后面部分可称为宾语的补语:
主语谓语复合宾语
————————————————————————
They asked him to speak at the meeting.
She saw a girl waving to her.
My kids never heard the song sung in Italian.
They elected him vice-president.
关于这类宾语可参阅第13.6.1—13.6.8节。
21.1.2 宾语表示法
宾语可以由下面这些成分表示:
1) 名词:
May I see your passport? 我能看看你的护照吗?
Fasten your seatbelts, please. 请系好安全带。
2) 代词:
Do you have anything to declare? 你有什么东西申报吗?
Give me some. 给我一点。
3) 数词:
Let me have one or two. 给我一两个。
They laid off one-third of the workers. 他们暂时解雇了三分之一工人。
4) 名词化的形容词:
Success goes to the determined. (谚)有志者事竟成。
Respect the old and cherish the young. 敬老爱幼。
5) 动名词:
Stop acting like a child. 别像小孩一样。
Has it left off raining? 雨停了吗?
6) 不定式:
He tried not to offend her. 他设法不得罪她。
They asked to see his ID card. 他们要求验看他的身份证。
7) 复合结构
I find this weather very trying. 我发现这种天气很难受。
He had his passport visaed for South Korea. 他在护照上盖了去韩国的签证。
8) 从句
I'll see that you get a good seat. 我一定设法让你有一个好座位。
I don't understand what you mean. 我不懂你的意思。
关于不定式和动名词作宾语可参阅第12.1.4,12.2.3,13.3.5及13.3.6节。