听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:与关于疫苗的错误信息作斗争，希望你会喜欢！

【演讲者及介绍】Ethan Lindenberger

伊桑·林登伯格倡导科学。

【演讲主题】为什么我们需要与关于疫苗的错误信息作斗争

【中英文字幕】

00:13

To start, I want to share with you guyssomething about my hometown of Norwalk, Ohio. Now, as this video stated, I amfrom Norwalk, which is an extremely small town, about 15,000 people. Andreally, in Norwalk, if you want to do something fun, you go to Walmart or drivehalf an hour to something more interesting. And for Norwalk, I've lived therefor my entire life, I'm a senior at the local public high school, and you know,it's something to where I really enjoy my small town. And I'm just a normalkid, you know, I lead debate clubs, I volunteer at my church.

作为开头，我想向你们分享我的家乡俄亥俄州诺瓦克市。好了，如前所述，我来自诺瓦克市，那是一个非常小的城镇，大约一万五千的人口数。说真的，在诺瓦克，如果想找些乐子，可以逛逛沃尔玛超市，或是开半个小时车找更有趣的事做。在诺瓦克，我从小到大生长的地方，我就读当地公立高中。你知道，这地方真的很棒，我真的很喜欢我的小镇。我就像一般的孩子，你知道，带领辩论社团，在教堂担任义工。

00:43

And back in November of 2018, I made asmall Reddit post asking for advice on an issue that I was encountering that Ineeded some clarification on. And this issue, as was stated in theintroduction, was something towards vactions and how I was not immunized againstvarious diseases, including polio and measles, as well as influenza, HPV,hepatitis -- the standard vaccine someone my age would receive. Now, thisquestion I asked was simple and pretty strange, because, you know, I wanted toget vacted. That's kind of weird, but it happened, and then this turnedinto a public story, because I wanted to get vacted. So that was kind ofstrange, and then it blew up more, and I was doing interviews and talking tomore people, and again, I'm a normal kid, I'm not a scientist, I don't lead anon-profit, I am a pretty casual person, I'm wearing a hoodie.

回到 2018 年 11 月时，我在Reddit发布一则贴文希望大家给我一点建议。当时我面临一个议题，需要有人帮我厘清这个议题，如同介绍时所述是有关接种疫苗以及我没有接种各种疫苗的原因，包含小儿麻痹症以及麻疹，还有流感、HPV、肝炎这些我这个年纪的人可能接种的疫苗。好了，我发布的问题很简单也很奇怪。因为，是的，我想要接种疫苗。这有点怪，但事情就这样发生了。接着这件事就变成一个公众议题。就因为我想要接种疫苗。那有点奇怪，而事件继续发酵，我开始接受访问并与许多人谈话。我再重申一次，我是个一般的孩子，不是科学家，没有带领非营利组织，我就是个一般人，我现在甚至穿着连帽衣呢。

01:31

（Laughter）

笑声

01:33

Because of this question and this story,because I wanted to get vacted and this interesting situation I was in, Isaw that I quickly was in this public setting of an extremely importantcontroversy and discussion taking place. Now, I saw that the stories andheadlines were pretty accurate for most part, you know, "After defyinganti-vax mom, Ohio teen expresses why he got vacted." Pretty accurate,pretty true. And, as stated, I testified in front of a Senate committee, sothere, they said, "This teen who self-vacted just ripped his mom'santi-vaxer beliefs in front of Congress." OK, I didn't really do that, butthat's fine. And certain news outlets took it a little further. "'Godknows how I'm still alive': Teenager, 18, finally gets vacted and attackshis anti-vax parents."

由于我的问题以及这整件事，由于我想接种疫苗以及当时我所处的有趣情势，我发现，我一下就处于发生这极为重要的议题以及争辩的公开场合中。我看见的报导和头条大部分都非常正确。你知道，“挺身对抗反疫苗母亲，俄亥俄州青年解释为什么要接种疫苗。”非常正确，非常真实。而且，我在参议院委员会前作证，于是他们说“这个自己去打疫苗的年轻人，在国会前粉碎他妈妈反对打疫苗的信念。”好，我并没有真的那样做，不过没关系。而且某些新闻扯得更远：“天晓得我怎么还活着：这个 18 岁的年轻人终于接种疫苗并抨击他反疫苗的父母。”

02:20

So I did not attack my parents, that's not accurateat all. And you know, really, my story was more about controversy. It was abouthow my mom was bad and I was good, and I was ripping her a new one. Not true.Not what was happening. I never was rude towards my mother, and even in publicsettings where I expressed how her beliefs were misinformed, I said that shewas a loving mother, and that's important to understand.

我才没有抨击父母那报导根本不确实，那真的将我的故事报导成争议，像是我妈很坏以及我很善良，而且我对她展开严厉的批判。这些都不是真的，这些都没有发生。我从来不对我妈不礼貌，甚至在公众场合我解释她的理念是被误导时，我会强调，重要的是一定要了解，她是个慈爱的妈妈

02:44

Because a lot of people, I think, in thescientific community that understand why vaccines are so important, can reallybe confused by someone who would not vacte. Really, we can compare it tosomeone not taking their child to the ER. That's a very dangerous situation tobe in and it shows some lack of empathy towards your children in some regards.And really, I can understand that, I can. But my mom, she was misinformed andmisled by sources that convinced her that if she was a loving parent, shewouldn't vacte.

因为很多人，我认为身处科学界中的人了解疫苗的重要性，会对不愿接种疫苗的人不解。确实，这就像有人拒绝送小朋友去急诊室，身处在这种环境之下非常危险。这也显示，在某些层面少了对孩子的那份同理心。说真的，我能明白这些，我可以。但是我妈受到一些消息误导，这些消息说服她慈爱的父母是不会让孩子接种疫苗的。

03:11

Now, when I encountered this and I talkedto my mom, it didn't obviously go well at first, because I was wanting to dosomething that she thought would either cause autism or maim me for the rest ofmy life, and I said I wanted to do this -- didn't really fly, didn't really gowell. But the thing that I found interesting was that when I had started to getinto this circumstance, do these interviews, there was one question I proposed.Wasn't a positive one: What in the world have I gotten myself into? That's whatI asked constantly, because, again, I am not an expert, I am a normal kid, andnow I'm talking to CNN and Fox News about a scientific discussion that really,should I be facilitating, should I be commenting on? And a lot of peoplequestioned that, and for good reason.

而当我无意间得知这件事时，我与我妈妈谈的一开始并不是非常顺利。因为我想做的事，她认为这件事会使我罹患自闭症或导致终身残废，我却说我想接种，结果行不通，进展也不顺利。不过我发现有一件有趣的事，当我身处某些情境接受这些访谈时，我总有一个问题，虽然不是有建设性的问题：我究竟给自己招惹了什么。我不断问自己，因为，再一次重申，我并非专业人士，只是一般的孩子，但现在我却不断在 CNN 以及福斯新闻上讨论科学议题，那真的是，我该继续下去吗？该继续发表意见吗？很多人对此感到质疑，他们有非常正当的理由

03:51

But I never claimed things I didn'tunderstand, I talked about my personal experiences. And even at the Senatehearing, I just talked about how misinformation is dangerous. My mom got a lotof her beliefs from social media, from Facebook and from organizations thatwere allowing their platforms to push lies that were very dangerous.

不过，我不对不懂的事发表言论。我所说的都与我个人经验有关。在参议院公听会中，我也只提到错误的讯息有多么危险，我妈从社群媒体上得到许多看法，不论是脸书或是一些组织，他们使用的平台尚未禁止发布不实的言论，那些言论非常危险。

04:07

Now, I also saw that as I was doing this --and I was doing this as respectfully as I could, as accurately as I could -- Iwas getting a lot of criticism, a lot of very angry people. When I was in DCfor that testimony I gave, I was looking around the office building and threeladies got in an elevator with me and said I'm the reason their children arebeing maimed and murdered and I'm basically Hitler. So that was fun.

在我发表言论同时，我也看见类似情形发生在我身上。我尽我所能展现尊重及保持正确性，有许多对我的批评，许多对我感到非常生气的人。为了提供证词，我到华盛顿特区，我记得，当我在办公大楼闲逛时，有三位女士跟我一起搭乘电梯，他们说我是导致他们孩子残废和死亡的元凶，我跟希特勒没有两样。有趣吧

04:28

（Laughter）

笑声

04:30

So really, for most circumstances, for mostteenagers and most people, when they get criticized, it leads to doubt. Andthat doubt leads to questioning, and that questioning leads to quitting.Because, when you have a topic that you're interested in, or a movement thatyou want to be a part of, and you're taking a stance and saying what's true,good ideas don't avoid criticism. And for especially young people, they have ahard time dealing with that, and these important discussions that need youngpeople to take a part in, it takes a lot of commitment.

真的，大部分的情况下，大多数的青少年及大多数的人受到批判时，都会开始怀疑。怀疑会引发质疑，而质疑会让人放弃。你感兴趣的议题或是想参与的行动出现时，你表明立场并捍卫真理，因为良好的理念不怕他人的批评。对于特别年轻的人来说，面对这类的事情总是显得棘手，这些需要年轻人参与讨论的重要议题，需投入许多心力。

04:59

I'm not saying that I'm amazing, but here'swhat's important: through me joining this movement and this importantscientific discussion, here's what happened. Facebook changed their platform.They were going to change how they approach anti-vax content. Amazon evenremoved misinformed books about autism and vaccines. And recently, GoFundMetook down anti-vax campaigns. We're talking about how movements like this arecausing actual change, actually impacting the way this game is played and themisinformation that's lying to people and convincing them of very dangerousideas.

我不是在夸耀自己是多么棒，但接下来重点来了。透过我参与这项行动，以及这项重要的科学探讨，这些事情发生了。脸书的平台不一样了，他们改变方式处理反疫苗相关内容，亚马逊甚至将自闭症和疫苗接种信息有误的书下架。就在最近，GoFundMe 取消了反接种疫苗的活动，我们所说的是经由这类行动如何造成实质上的改变，影响赛局的进行，影响骗人的错误讯息，影响说服人们的危险想法。

05:27

Now, before I leave, because I only have ashort amount of time, I want to give you one important thing to keep in mind.One important takeaway from this all. What you can do and what I did. I didn'tdo amazing research and studies and take information and present it to people;I didn't have deep, intellectual, scientific debates with people. All I did wasshare my story. And that's enough for most people: to understand the anecdotalexperiences, the real people behind the data. Because data doesn't resonatewith people. People resonate with people. And you have to keep that in mind,because when you are talking about a topic, and you're sharing your story, andsharing what is important, you stay authentic. Stay authentic to the data, tothe information, to the importance of this topic.

现在，我只剩一小段时间就结束了。我想请你们将一件重要的事牢记心中，这件事远比其他事情来的重要，你可以做些什么以及我做过什么。我没有呕心沥血的调查以及研究，没有得到信息并呈现给人们，我没有与他人进行艰深费尽心思的科学探讨，我只是将我的故事分享出去，对大部分的人来说已经足够了。去了解一些传闻数据之外的真实人物，因为数据不会与人产生共鸣，但人会与人产生共鸣。你们必须在心中牢记这点。当谈到某些议题，你分享你的故事，分享什么是重要的。维持自己的可信度，维持数据信息的可信度，和议题的重要性。

06:10

If I was talking to an individual and theysaid, "Why are vaccines important?" I would say nothing alongside anyother answer, I would not in any way fathomably give them answer outside of: peopleare dying, and that's important. And that children are dying, and that'simportant. And that we're having disease outbreaks that should not be here. AndI believe, as John Boyle put it, these diseases should be in history books andnot in our communities. So because of that, you need to make a personaldecision to stand up for truth. You need to make a personal decision foryourself to say, "This is accurate, this is what's real, and these liesare not OK." Because it started with me doing that on a personal level.

假设我和某个人谈话时，他们问：“为什么接种疫苗重要？”我没有其他答案，也不会透过任何方式给出以下回答外的答案：因为人们会死去，这很重要。孩子会死去，很重要。这也会引起本不该发生的疾病。我相信，就像约翰博伊尔所说，这些疾病应该只出现在历史课本上，而非继续存在于我们之中。因为这样，你必须下定决心捍卫真理。为了自己下定决心并说：「这是正确的，这是真的那些谎言是不好的。」这件事是从我个人开始着手进行的。

06:46

I wasn't going from small town to Senate ina day. It wasn't like, I go to bed, I wake up and there's Senator Isakson,asking me questions about vaccines. It was a slow progression and it startedwith me saying, "This is true, my mom doesn't believe it, but that'sOK." Because that doesn't change the truth, doesn't change what's accurateand what's important. And honestly, the biggest thing, this whole idea ofunbreakable: remain unbroken. When you stand up for what's true and you havethat criticism, and you're trying to cause a movement, don't sway.

我不是一天之内就从小镇到参议院，不是说，睡了一觉，起床后艾萨克森参议员就在那边等着问我疫苗接种的相关问题。这是一个很漫长的过程。事情会开始是因为我说「这是真的」 「虽然我妈妈不相信，不过没关系。」 因为事实不会因此而不一样，正确以及重要的部分也不会改变。说真的，最重要的问题是这个坚不可摧的想法依旧无法被打破。你为真理挺身而出时，同时也会有对你的批判。当你试着做些什么时，千万不要受到动摇。

07:16

Thank you.

谢谢

07:17

（Applause）

掌声