英语六级真题的听力部分，作为衡量学生英语实际应用能力的重要标尺，涵盖了短对话、长对话及短文理解三大板块，这些题型着重考察考生捕捉关键信息并深入理解语境的能力。因此，深入掌握并熟练运用真题听力材料，对于提升六级考试成绩具有举足轻重的意义。此次，我们精心整理了2021年6月大学英语六级真题听力部分（卷二）的详细内容及答案解析，旨在为广大考生提供宝贵的备考资源与参考！

Section A

Directions:In this section,you will hear too long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1.A)Weird.

B)Efficient.

C)Tolerant.

D)Toxic.

2.A)They are arrogant.

B)They are ignorant.

C)They are ambiious.

D)They are accommodating.

3.A)They can think big.

B)They can air their views.

C)They can break conventions.

D)They can work flexible hours.

4.A)It can alter people's mindsets.

B)It can lead to new discoveries.

C)It enables people to learn and grow.

D)It is conducive to critical thinking.

Questions 5 to 8 are based the conversation you have just heard.

5.A)He kept looking for the best place to stay.

B)He met many tourists from other countries.

C)He had a great time sightseeing and relaxing.  

D)He managed to visit a different city each day.

6.A)Prioritize what is essential to their best advantage.

B)Stretch outthe process in search of the optimal

C)Deliberate the consequences that may occur. 

D)Take all relevant factors into consideration.

7.A)Time pressure.

B)Tight budget.

C)Modern technology. 

D)Fierce competition.

8.A)Research as many different options as possible. 

B)Avoid going over the same options repeatedly    

C)Focus on what is practical.

D)Trust their gut instinct.

Section B

Directions: In this section,you will hear two passages.Atthe end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions woill bespoken onlyonce.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9.A)It is beneficial to poor as well as rich communities.

B)It is conducive to children's future development.

C)It is welcome to parents but not to children

D)It is not of much help to younger children.

10.A)It may put some students in remote areas at a disadvantage.

B)It gives the majority of students ready access to their teachers

C)It effectively improves the learning quality of students in ruralareas.  

D)It can bridge the learning gap between kids of different backgrounds.

11.A)Diligent students tend to do their homework independently.

B)The focus of homework should always be on school subjects.

C)Doing homework exertsa positive effect on kids'personality development.   

D)The benefits of doing homework vary widely from individual to individual.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

12.A)It was something heapologized for later. 

B)It was ridiculed by The New York Times.   

C)It was a forty-nine-year plan.

D)It was considered visionary.

13.A)It was of great significance to rocket science.  

B)It was completed in the state of New Mexico. 

C)It was somehow delayed about 12 minutes.

D)It failed due to a sudden change of weather.

14.A)A laboratory and test range was already set up there.

B)Its climate was ideal for year-roundrocket launching.

C)A weather expert invited him to go there for his mission. 

D)Its remote valleys were appealing to him and his family.

15.A)He won an award from the US government for his work. 

B)He gained recognition from rocket scientists worldwide.

C)He was granted over 200 patents in rocket technology. 

D)He boosted the military strength of the United States.

Section C

Directions:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you havejust heard.

16.A)It requires entrepreneurial experience. 

B)It is usually financially rewarding

C)It can be quite frustrating

D)It can be rather risky.

17.A)It contributes to rapid business expansion. 

B)It inspires willingness to make sacrifices.   

C)It reduces conflict among team members.   

D)It encourages creation and innovation.

18.A)They have unrealistic expectations. 

B)They often work without any pay.   

C)Few can find willing investors.

D)Many are idealistic dreamers.

Questions 19 and 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19.A)They have betterdietary habits.

B)They bear fewer social responsibilities.

C)They are born with a stronger ability to socialize. 

D)They are better able to survive or handle disease.

20.A)They have a limited reproductive ability.   

B)They depend on adequate sleep to thrive.  

C)They keep dividing throughout one's life. 

D)They strengthen with regular exercise.

21.A)The process of ageing can ultimately be brought under control.

B)Improved health care for the elderly will contribute to longevity.

C)Prevention of heart discase and stroke will increase life expectancy.

D)The resolution of age-related diseases will solve the mystery of ageing.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you havejust heard.

22.A)They are reluctant to follow instructions. 

B)They fail to answer emails promptly.

C)They cannot understand directives. 

D)They do not show due respect.

23.A)They have not been trained to follow the rules. 

B)They are not satisfied with the management.

C)They want to avoid unnecessary losses. 

D)They find their voice go unheeded.

24.A)When they are on good terms with their managers. 

B)When they find their job goals easilyattainable.

C)When they find their supervisors helpful. 

D)When they are financially motivated.

25.A)They are a useless tool for managers to change employee behavior. 

B)They prove to be a good means for managers to give instructions.    

C)They should be reserved for urgent communication.

D)They are seldom used for sharing confidential data.

Section A

Conversation One

1-M:How are you enjoying your new job?

2-W:So far,so good.I don't miss having managers who deliver blunt,harsh feedback in the name of efficiency.

3-M:From the way you described your last company,no wonder they had a problern with high staff turnover.

4-W:Yeah.I couldn't wait to getout of there once my contract expired.The problem with a companyculture that prizes directness above all else is that it creates a toxic culture of brilliant jerks thatdrives people out and erodes itself from within.

5-M:My company's managers tend to be accommodating and kind,overlooking mistakes or issues soas not to hurt feelings.Issues often get ignored there until they build up and reach a crisis point.

6-W:That's not surprising.My new company seems toemploy a feedback policy that combinescompassion and directness,Employees have the power to speak up,give feedback,disagree anddiscuss problems in real time.It seems to help us tocourse correct,improve and meet challengeswhile also building teams that collaborate and care for one another.

7-M:But that would be based on an atmosphere of mutual trust,wouldn't it?Otherwise,people mightinterpret feedback as some kind of personal attack.

8-W:True.Without an atmosphere of trust,feedback can create stress and self-doubt.But I think whenwe get fedback from someone we trust,we understand that the feedback isn't some kind ofpersonal attack.It's actually a kind of support because it's offered in the spirit of helping usimprove.I think sometimes people need to shift their mindsets around how they receive feedback.

9-M:Yes.Constructive feedback,after all,is how we learn and grow.It's the basis for healthyparenting,lasting friendships,career development,and so much more.If we shelter our children,friends,and colleagues from information that might enrich and enhance their lives,we're not beingcaring.We're actually doing harm to them.

10-W:That's exactly right.

Q1:How does the woman describe her previous company's culture?

Q2:What does the man say about his company's managers?

Q3:What does the woman say the employees in her new company can do?

Q4:What does the man say about constructive feedback?

Conversation Two

1-W:How was your holiday?Not toomany other tourists around,were there?

2-M:No,very few relatively.But I found myself moving from one accommodation to another,tryingto find the perfect place.It made me realize that indecision is a big problem for me.Instead ofrelaxing,I was looking for the best spot.

3-W:It seems you suffer from“Fear of Better Options,”I've read about it.It describes this loop ofindecision as part of our programming.Essentially,we have this tendency to keep stretching outthe decision-making process.Because as human beings,we are hard-wired to optimize.We havealways looked to get the best things we can as a sort of survival of the fittest.Optimizing isn't theproblem,but rather the process that we go through.

4-M:Well,that makes me feel better.But I think thanks to technology,we can make comparisonsmore easily and have more access to choice and customization.We can now see what we couldhave,how we might get it,and what others have that we might want.We keep looking over andreturn to the same options again and again.

5-W:Yes.“Fear of Better Options”offers little benefit.It's an ailment of abundance.You must havechoices to have that fear of missing out on better options.

6-M:Yes,I need to note when I'm worrying about inconsequential things,Iguess.If I'm spending toomuch time worrying over what to have for lunch,I'm robbing myself of the energy to focus on thethings that matter.

7-W:Exactly.But for more important matters,I think gutinstinct might be overrated.When youhave 30 odd options,trusting your gut is not practical.What you need to do is research—haveaprocess,invest time exploring your options,and eliminate as many things as you can.The most toxic part of decision making is going over the same options time and time again.

Q5:What does the man say about his holiday?

Q6:What does the woman say people tend to do when making decisions?

Q7:What has made decision making increasingly difficult?

Q8:Acording to the woman,what should people do when making important decisions?

Section B

Passage One

I The roleof homework in classrooms is not a new debate.Many parents and teachers are ardentsupporers of homework.But do all students benefit from homework?A 2006 research papersuggested some correlation between the amount of homework done by a student and future academicachievement for middle and high school students—but not so much for younger kids.

Ⅱ A Stanford study in 2014 suggested the same was true for students in California's affluentcommunities.The findings challenged the idea that homework was “inherently good.”The researchersconcluded that there was an upper limit to the correlation between homework and achievement,suggesting that high school students shouldn't be doing more than two hours of homework a night,Andthe most valuable kind of homework for elementary-level children was simply assignedfree reading.

Ⅲ The topic gets more complicated when we talk about the divide between rural and urbancommunities.Studies found that in remote areas,the poor quality or lack of internet access can putstudents at a disadvantage because 70%of teachers in these areas assign homework that requires internetaccess.But one in three households doesn't have internet.Experts assert homework requiring thenternet isn't fair.

IV While the debate continues about the effect of homework on academic achievements,there arestudiesfocusing on other benefits of homework.A study in Germany found that homework could havean effect on students'personalities,suggesting that doing homework might help kids to become moreconscientious and independent learners.

Q9:What did the 2006 research find about homework?

Q10:What do experts think of homework requiring internet access?

Q11:What conclusion could be drawn from the study in Germany?

Passage Two

I Robert Goddard,an American born in 1882,is widely regarded as the world's first rocket scientist.

Ⅱ At age 27,Goddard published hisfirstbook in which he hypothesized that a rocket launched from Earthcouldreach the Moon.Like many visionaries,the young scientist encountered numerous skeptics.InJanuary 1920,The New York Times ridiculed Goddard's theory that rockets could be utilized for spaceexploration.Forty-nine years later,Apollo ll reached the Moon and the famed newspaperpublished an apologyto Goddard.

Ⅲ Goddard launched his first rocket from an aunt's farm in his native Massachusetts in March,1926.His maiden rocketvoyage lasted a mere 3 seconds.Itscaled an altitude of only 12 meters.Nonetheless.it was a milestone in rocket science.

IV Goddard later consulted with a weather expert and determined that the climate of New Mexicowas ideal for yearound rocket launches.In 1930,Goddard and his family relocated there,to a remotevalley in the southwest of the country.There he established a laboratory and test range.

V However,the ambitious scientist received negligible support from the government.For fouryears,wealthy businessman Daniel Guggenheim providedGoddard with an annual 25.000 dollars grant topursue his dreams,Other rocket enthusiasts also raised funds for him.Over time,Goddard's rocketgrew more sophisticated and included the installation of instruments.

VI In spite of his many successes,Goddard was never able to interest the US military inrocket-propelled weapons. He was granted over 200 patents and continued to pioneer rockettechnology until his death in 1945.

Q12:What do we learn about Goddard's idea ofusing rockets for space exploration?

Q13:What does the passage say about Goddard's first rocket voyage?

Q14:Why did Goddard move to New Mexico?

Q15:What does the passage say about Goddard's achievements?

Section C

Recording One

I Working for a new venture comes with a lot of risks.There's instability,unclearresponsibilities,and the need to be a master of all trades.But the primary benefit is usually the passionand excitement asociated with playing a role in a promising new company.The person to thankforthatpassion and excitement is almost always the entrepreneur.

Ⅱ There's somethingabout the founder's energy and enthusiasm that infects the rest of the team.The willingness to take risks may inspire others to be more courageous.The optimism and positivity maymotivate people to focus less on trivial and unimportant matters.The celebration of milestones mayprompt staff to be more grateful about their own accomplishments and privileges.

Ⅲ What becomes set in the firm's culture is acontagious collection of affirmative and positiveemotions which are usually shared among the team.Science has already done a good job of proving theresults that follow.These include better processes,greater team cohesion,reduced conflict andsharper alertness.

IV But what is yet to be demonstrated is whether the founder's passion leads to increased teamperformance.This was recently tested in research,which analyzed the teams of 73 new companies acrossa range ofindustries such as IT,medicine and energy.The CEOs were consulted once again,years afterthe initial analysis.And most shared their firm's performance reports,so that their success could bemore objectively measured.

V Entrepreneurial teams generally progress through three phases.The first is inventing a productor service,the second isfounding the venture to sell that product or service,and the third is developingthe firm so it continues to grow.

VI The researchers discovered that when the team is passionate about the third phase—developingthe firm—there's a clear link to performance.But the first phase—a passion for invention—is not areliable indicator that the firm will still be open for business a few years later.Likewise,the second—apassion for founding the venture—doesn'tnecessarily translate into great success.

VII The solution to great team performance stems from a willingness to recruit others who coulddirect their passion towards the third phase of entrepreneurialism:developing the business.Employingmore staff can in itself be a risk for an entrepreneur,as is paying them big dollars to attract them.On many occasions,the entrepreneurs reported not paying themselves a wage at all initially,in order tocover salaries and expenses.

Q16:What does the speaker say about working for a new venture?

Q17:What has science demonstrated regarding the positive culture of a new venture?

Q18:What does the speaker say about entrepreneurs at the initial stage of a new venture?

Recording Two

I Ageing is a curious thing and people's desire to beat it—and death—has become an industryworth hundreds of billions of dollars.

Ⅱ Despite the huge investment into research,ageing remains somewhat obscure,although there arecertain things researchers do understand.They know that women tend to have longer lifespans,living onaverage six years longer than men.No one is really certain of the reason for this,although thespeculation centers around the idea that women are more capable of surviving or handling disease than men.For virtually every disease,the effects aregreater on men than they are on women.

Ⅲ Some suggest thatwomen's immune systems benefit from theirtendeney to prioritize and nurturesocial connections.But for me,this explanation is hardly convincing.

IV Researchers also know,to an extent,what causes ageing.For 60 years,it was believed that cellswould continue to divide forever.It was only uncovered in relatively recent times that older people's cellsdivide a smaller number of times than younger people's.Only cancer cells,in fact,are capable of dividingforever.Human cells have a limited reproductive ability.To an extent,we can postpone the eventualstop of cells'dividing through nutrition,exercise,good sleep,and even relaxation techniques.But wecannot stop the ageing process.

V And researchers are yet to answer the ultimate question of ageing.Why does the body ultimatelyfall to pieces?

VI In the opinion of some of the world's best scientific minds on the subject,part of the reason wedon't yethave an answer is because many researchers are looking in the wrong direction.Many publiehealth policy makers believe that the resolution of age-associated disease will tell us somethingfundamental about the ageing process,but say some top scientists,that's completely erroneous.Theypoint to when the diseases of childhood were eliminated,but this did not provide any insight intochildhood development.In the same way,the idea that the resolution of age-associated disease like heartdisease and stroke will inform us about ageing is not based on sound science or logic.

VII At best,if the major causes of death in developed countries were eliminated,this would only adda decade to average life expectancy.But while there is money available to be spent on it,the search tounderstand the secrets of ageing will be ongoing.

Q19:What do we learn about the possible reason why women tend to live longer?

Q20:What is the recent discovery about human cells?

Q21:What do many public health policy makers believe?

Recording Three

I Good afternoon.In today's talk,we'll discuss how managers can get their staff to do what theyare asked.

Ⅱ Much to their frustration,managers often struggle to get their staff to comply with even simpleinstructions.Often they blame their employees:“They don't read emails,they don't listen,they don'tcare”—that kind of thing.But according to recent research conducted in Australia,it looks like it's notthe employees'fault but the managers'.

Ⅲ It's easy to understand why people sometimes disobey procedures intentionally.Oecasionally,it'sbecause they're pressured to finish in a short time.At other times,they may disagree with the spirit ofthe procedure—the effort demanded,the time consumed,the lack of potential effectiveness.And everynow and then,they just don't wantto,maybe deliberately or out of stubbornness.

IV So apart from that,what else gets in the way of procedural compliance?The research scholarssurveyed 152 blue-collar workers from two separate sites in the mining industry.They asked the workersa range of procedurerelated questions,such as whether they found the procedures useful,how confidenttheyfelt intheir job,how comfortable they were to speak up in the workplace,and how closely theyfollowed any new procedures set by their managers.They were also asked to rate the extent to whichthey perceived their supervisors to be helpful.

V That last statement was the most instructive because,as the researchers found,there was aremarkably strong correlation between how helpful supervisors were perceived to be and how likely theiremployees were to follow their directives.Supervisors'helping behavior was found to be motivational innature.It increased employees'perception of thelikelihoodof success in the attainment of job goals,andtherefore fostered a willingness to dedicate their effort and ability to their work.

VI In short,managers should be ongoing role models for the change.As the saying goes:“Do as I do,notas I say".To affect behavioral change,what's most required is interaction and involvement—the humanouch—and,naturally,processes that add value.Although procedures are designed to guide and supportemployees'work,employees,it seems,can't always be expected to comply with procedures that are not seen asuseful.And of course,managers shouldn't keep resending emails.They're an effective tool for the sharing ofdata and reports,but they're a hopeless tool if what a manager is desiring is a change in behavior.

Q22:Why are managers often frustrated with their employees?

Q23:Why do employees sometimes disobey procedures intentionally?

Q24:When are employees more likely to follow instructions,according to the researchers?

Q25:What does the speaker say about emails?

1.[答案精析]D。第4段③句女士就前东家的公司文化(即崇尚“直接至上”的公司文化)发表观点，指出它创造了一种纵容“出色混蛋”的有害文化，并进一步解释这种文化的有害之处——导致人员出走，公司从内部被侵蚀。D项复现原文关键词，是对女士前东家公司文化特点的有力概括。A项内容未在对话中体现。B项利用第2段②句efficiency干扰，但这实为女士之前所在公司的经理给出严苛反馈意见的借口，而非该公司的文化特征。C项利用第5段①句accommodating and kind干扰，但该处描述的对象为“男士所在公司的文化”,与题干“女士所在的上一家公司的文化”不符。

2.[答案精析]D。第5段①句男士评价自己所在公司的经理的特点是“随和亲切”,D项直接对应该评价。A项利用第4段③句brilliant jerks干扰，但该处的评价对象为“女士所在的上一家公司的经理”,而非题干中的“男士所在公司的经理”。B项利用第5段②句ignored干扰，但原文指出男士所在公司的经理忽视员工的问题，实乃故意为之(以免伤害感情),而非由于“愚昧无知”。C项内容未在对话中提及，且与男士公司经理的举止“忽视问题、不去解决”明显不符。

3.[答案精析]B。第6段②句女士介绍其所在新公司的反馈政策，③句进一步说明在该政策规定下，员工可以自由发言，提出意见和异议，实时讨论问题，B项是对此的合理概括。A项对第6段末句course correct,mprove and meet challenges的含义“纠正方向并提高应对挑战的能力”过度推导。C项将第6段③句disagree的含义“提出异议”曲解为“打破常规”。D项内容未在对话中提及。

4.[答案精析]C。第9段②句男士指出，我们是通过建设性反馈意见学习和成长的，C项是对此的同义改写。A项利用第8段末句shift their mindsets干扰，但这是女士的观点：人们需要转变他们接受反馈意见的心态。B、D两项均利用常识干扰，但男士并未提及相关内容。

5.[答案精析]A。第2段男士针对1段女士提问“假期过得如何”作答：一直从一个住处搬到另一个，总想试着找到最佳的住宿地点，最后觉着自己并没有在旅游放松，反倒是一直在劳于寻找最佳的住宿地。故A项正确，同时排除C项。B项利用第1段女士所述too many other tourists设置反向干扰，却忽略其前否定词Not及第2段男士本人的回答No。D项利用第2段男士所述moving from one accommodation to another设置干扰，但它指的是“住所换来换去”,而非“城市换来换去(一天游览一个城市)”

6.[答案精析]B。第3段女士针对第2段男士所述旅途中的选择困难问题提出一个新概念“更好选择恐惧症”,并指出人在做决定时，往往会为了获得最优选择而将选择过程延长，B项符合原意。A项将第3段中高频词optimize、Optimizing误听为prioritize,并将其与段中个别词汇Esentially杂糅捏造而来。C项利用第6段男士所述worrying about inconsequential things设置干扰，误将inconsequential听为consequential,从而将“为无关紧要的事情烦扰”偷换为“考虑可能出现的后果”。D项利用常识“做决策应将相关因素纳入考虑”设置干扰，但对话中并未涉及。

7.[答案精析]C。第4段男士承接第3段女士所言“更好选择恐惧症”分析原因：当前科技让我们有了更多选择，使得我们反复查看并回到相同选择，故C项正确。A项利用第6段too much time、第7段time and time again设置干扰，而材料实指“对非重要事情做抉择的时间太长”“反复进行相同的抉择”,并非说明“做抉择越来越难的原因是时间紧张”。B项利用第6段robbing...of...设置干扰，误将其理解为“资金不足”,而材料中实际指向“精力不足”,且并非指向抉择越来越难的原因。D项competition是对第4段中comparisons的误听。

8.[答案精析]B。女士在对话末尾处指出，在应对重要问题时应花时间研究选项，而不是相信自己的直觉，可先排除D项，最后一句(The most toxic part of decision making...)总结建议，意在说明反复琢磨同一选项不可取，B项契合女士最终的建议。A项“尽可能研究不同的选项”偏离原意，原文提出“当有30多个选项时，需要做的是研究——花时间探究已有的选项然后尽可能排除”,因此应是尽可能排除更多选项，而不是再研究不同选项。C项利用第7段中practical一词干扰，但原文实指“相信直觉不切实际”,而非建议“注重实际”。

9.[答案精析]D。首段末句指出，完成的作业量与未来的学术成就之间存在一定相关性(结合语境可知二者为正相关),但对更小的孩子来说则未必如此，D项是对but not so much for younger kids的同义改写，正确。A项利用Ⅱ段①句的affluent communities设置干扰，但该句只谈及富裕社区，并未涉及贫穷社区，且该句属于斯坦福大学2014年的研究发现，而非题目所问的2006年的研究。B项由首段末句中的futureacademic achievement过度推断而来，文中实际并未提及。C项由首段②句“许多家长和老师都是家庭作业的热切支持者”和常识捏造出家庭作业不受孩子们的欢迎这一结论。

10.[答案精析]A。Ⅲ段指出，偏远地区那些网络质量差或无法上网的学生会处于劣势，因为70%的老师都会布置需要上网完成的作业，而专家认为这种作业是不公平的(isn't fair),A项正确。B项将②句信息“70%的老师布置需要上网完成的作业”窜改为“大多数学生可以随时联系到老师”。C、D两项均由Ⅲ段①句thedivide between rural and urban communities捏造而来，但文中并无论据支撑。

11.[答案精析]C。末段②句指出，德国的一项研究发现，作业可能对学生的性格产生影响，由“帮助孩子成为更加勤勉认真、独立自主的学习者”可知该影响是积极正面的，故C项正确。A项将②句中的研究发现“做作业能帮助孩子成为更加勤勉认真、独立自主的学习者”窜改为“勤勉的学生的特点是往往独立完成作业”。B项由首句中的academic achievements和focusing on杂糅编造而来，但文中并未提及家庭作业的重心。D项由末段中的other benefits of homework和students'personalities杂糅捏造而来，但文中并未讨论个体差异。

12.[答案精析]B。Ⅱ段③句指出，1920年1月，《纽约时报》嘲笑戈达德“火箭可以用于太空探索”的理论，B项准确概括此句，故正确。A项利用Ⅱ段④句的“致歉(apology)”设置干扰，但原文道歉行为的发出者是《纽约时报》,而非戈达德。C项同样利用Ⅱ段④句的“49年后(Forty-nine years later)”设置干扰，但原文的“49年”意在强调从戈达德提出火箭登月假想到阿波罗11号成功登月这一过程历时49年，用这一时长凸显戈达德面临的质疑之久，而非戈达德个人的太空探索计划历时49年，且原文并未提及戈达德的火箭最终是否成功登月。D项利用Ⅱ段②句的“有远见卓识的人(visionaries)”混淆视线，原文指戈达德和许多有远见卓识的人一样，遭到了质疑，而非夸赞其太空探索的想法是有远见的。

13.[答案精析]A。Ⅲ段④句指出，这(戈达德的火箭首飞)是火箭科学的一座里程碑，A项是对该句的同义概括，故正确。B项源于IV段①句的“新墨西哥州(New Mexico)”,但根据该句的时间副词“随后(later)”可知，戈达德搬去新墨西哥州发生在火箭首飞之后，且Ⅲ段①句已经指出，戈达德的首枚火箭发射于马萨诸塞州。C项利用Ⅲ段③句的“12”设置干扰，但原文的“12”指火箭初次爬升的高度是12米，并非被延迟了12分钟。D项利用IV段①句的weather、climate设置干扰，但原文指向戈达德搬往新墨西哥州的原因“气象专家说那里的气候全年都适合火箭发射”,而非戈达德首飞失败的原因(文章并未提及)。

14.[答案精析]B。IV段①句指出，戈达德咨询气象专家后，确定新墨西哥州的气候全年都非常适合火箭发射，故而举家搬迁至新墨西哥州，B项正确概括此原因，故正确。A项的“实验室和试验场(a laboratory andtest range)”复现于IV段③句，但原文的实验室和试验场是在戈达德搬去新墨西哥州后修建的，并非在其搬去新墨西哥州之前就已经修建好。C项利用IV段①句的“气象专家(climate expert)”设置干扰，但原文仅指出戈达德咨询气象专家后决定搬去新墨西哥州，并未有信息提及他受邀于气象专家。D项的“偏远山谷(remotevalley)”源于IV段②句，但原文仅指出戈达德一家搬去了偏远的山谷，并无信息支撑“偏远的山谷对他和家人有吸引力”这一说法。

15.[答案精析]C。VI段②句指出，他获取了200多项专利，继续开拓火箭技术，直到1945年去世，C项正确概括此句信息，故正确。A、D项分别与V段①句“然而，这位雄心勃勃的科学家几乎没有得到政府的支持”和VI段①句“尽管取得了许多成就，戈达德却始终无法引起美国军方对火箭推进武器的兴趣”相悖。B项源自I段①句“被普遍认为是世界上第一位火箭科学家(is widely regarded as the world's first rocket scientist)”,但原文仅指出戈达德被普遍认为是全球首位火箭科学家，并未提及其被“全球火箭科学家”认可。

16.[答案精析]D。首段①句提到“为一家新创公司工作伴随着诸多风险”,②句列举具体的风险，D项准确概括这一信息，故正确。A项利用④句entrepreneur和常识“新创公司青睐有创业经验的人才”干扰，录音并未提及这一信息。B项利用③句benefit干扰，但由该句可知，为新创公司工作的主要好处是“带来激情与兴奋”,而非“经济回报”。C项由首段所述风险过度推断而来，说话人随后并未下结论指出“为新创公司工作可能招致令人沮丧的失败”,而是转而介绍这样做的好处。

17.[答案精析]C。Ⅲ段先指出“乐观积极情绪在公司文化中固定了下来”,随后引出并列举这一现象的积极影响，C项契合③句所述的第三点影响reduced conflict,故正确。A项利用后文的碎片信息developing thefirm、continues to grow干扰，与题干所问“积极文化”无关。B项将③句所述的第二点影响greater teamcohesion的侧重点“团队成员间的紧密合作”窜改为“个人为整个团队献身/做出牺牲”。D项由常识“创业成功有赖于创造力”臆断出“新创公司以积极情绪为主的文化有助于提升团队创造力”,录音并未提及。

18.[答案精析]B。题干+B项契合末段末句信息“创业者为了有足够的钱支付薪酬和开销，最初完全不给自己发工资”。A、D项由末段末两句信息臆断出“创业者的想法不切实际、过于理想(以为将自己的工资用于开高薪招人和公司运作就能创业成功)”,结合前文可知，说话人意在指出招聘志同道合(能把激情用于发展公司)的人对于创业成功的重要性，而非批判创业者不切实际。C项利用常识“创业者需要找到并说服投资者为其创业项目投资”干扰，录音并未提及。

19.[答案精析]D。Ⅱ段介绍研究人员已经了解的关于衰老的信息：女性寿命比男性更长。其中③句指出，虽然不确定其原因，但科学家的推测集中于“女性挺过或应对疾病的能力比男性更强”,D项正确。A项dietary habits与IV段⑥句nutrition相关，但原文指“通过加强营养推迟细胞分裂的终止”,并未对比两性饮食习惯对寿命的影响。B项将Ⅲ段首句social connections曲解为social responsibilities,原文并未提及“社会责任”。C项socialize源自Ⅲ段首句prioritize and nurture social connections,但该原因作者并不认可(hardlyconvincing),且将原文“女性的社交倾向”偷换为“女性社交能力的强弱”。

20.[答案精析]A。IV段③④⑤句介绍最近的发现，其中⑤向指出，人类细胞的增殖能力有限。由此可知，A项正确。B、D两项中sleep、exercise源自IV段⑥句信息“通过锻炼身体、保证良好的睡眠等方法来推迟细胞分裂的终止”,但选项均将文中的讨论对象“细胞分裂”泛化为“细胞一般的生命活动”。C项源自IV段②句，但此处为生物学界此前的共识，已被新近发现推翻。

21.[答案精析]D。VI段②句引出许多公共卫生政策制定者的观点：解决与年龄相关的疾病能使我们了解有关衰老的基础性的信息。D项正确。其余三项均非公共卫生政策制定者的观点，且窜改原文信息甚至编造内容。IV段末句指出，我们无法阻止/控制衰老的进程，A项与此相恃。B、C两项中contribute to longevity.increase life expectancy均源自末段首句add a decade to average life expectancy,但B项Improved health carefor the elderly由VI段②句health和IV段③句older people's杂糅而来，原文并未提及，C项将原文预期寿命延长的条件“消除发达国家中导致死亡的主要因素”窄化为“预防心脏病和中风”。

22.[答案精析]A。Ⅱ段①句指出，让管理者们感到非常沮丧的是，他们常常难以让员工遵循甚至可以说非常简单的指示，A项与之相符。C项将“难以让员工遵循指示”曲解为“员工不能理解指示”。B项将②句管理者的抱怨“不读电子邮件”(They don't read emails)窜改为“没能及时回复电子邮件”,D项将“他们不读电子邮件，不注意听，毫不在乎”曲解为“没有展现出应有的尊重”;B、D两项均源自管理者单方面归结的“员工不遵循指示”的原因，而非题干所问“对员工感到沮丧”的原因。

23.[答案精析]B。Ⅲ段指出员工故意违反规程的多个原因(时间短、不赞同规程、不想遵守),B项“对管理者不满”是对其中“不赞同规程的实质——既费力耗时，又没有潜在效果”的正确提炼。A项由“(员工被迫)在短时间内完成工作(finish in a short time)”臆测出“员工未受过培训”。C项由“缺乏潜在效果(the lack of potentialeffectiveness)”臆测出“员工想避免不必要的损失”,但这是对“不赞同规程的实质”的进一步解释，文中并未提及“避免损失”。D项利用IV段③句how comfortable they were to speak up in the workplace设置干扰，但首先，这是研究者们提出的问题，而非员工违反规程的原因；其次，文中并未提及“他们的意见被无视”。

24.[答案精析]C。V段首句指出，“主管被认为有多大帮助”和“员工有多大可能遵循他们的指示”存在极强的相关性，言下之意即主管被认为越有帮助，员工就越可能遵循指示，C项正确。A项由VI段③句的interaction and involvement和the human touch过度推断出“关系好”,但该句是指管理者应当以身作则、积极帮助员工。B项将“主管的帮助行为使员工感到更有可能成功实现工作目标”曲解为“工作目标容易实现时员工更有可能遵循指示”。D项由motivational捏造出“金钱激励”,但文中并未提及“金钱”。

25.[答案精析]A。VI段末句指出，如果管理者想要的是行为改变，那么电子邮件便绝无帮助，A项是对此的同义改写，正确。同时结合文章主题可知此处“行为改变”实际指代“让员工遵循指示”,可推知B项错误。C项由VI段⑤句“管理者们不应不断重发电子邮件”过度推断而来，但文中并未提及“应当留作紧急通讯用途”。D项与“电子邮件是分享数据和报告的有效工具”相悖。