[00:03.38]2000

[00:06.20]Governments throughout the world

[00:07.80]act on the assumption that the welfare

[00:10.02]of their people depends largely

[00:11.84]on the economic strength

[00:13.41]and wealth of the community.

[00:15.52](1)

[00:17.24]this requires varying measures of centralized control

[00:20.66]and hence the help of specialized scientists

[00:23.69]such as economists and operational research experts.>

[00:27.51](2)

[00:29.23]that the strength of a country's economy

[00:31.24]is directly bound up with the efficiency

[00:33.76]of its agriculture and industry,

[00:36.59]and that this in turn rests upon the efforts

[00:39.31]of scientists and technologists of all kinds.>

[00:42.84]It also means that governments

[00:44.55]are increasingly compelled to interfere

[00:46.97]in these sectors in order to step up production

[00:50.20]and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage.

[00:53.83]For example, the may encourage research in various ways,

[00:57.86]including the setting up of their own research centers;

[01:01.18]they may alter the structure of education,

[01:03.71]or interfere in order to reduce the wastage

[01:06.33]of natural resources or tap resoureces hitherto unexploited;

[01:11.07]or they may cooperate directly in the growing number

[01:13.89]of international projects related to science,

[01:16.81]economics and industry.

[01:18.93]In any case, all such interventions

[01:21.14]are heavily dependent on scientific advice

[01:24.57]and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.

[01:29.21](3)

[01:31.12]in mass-communications,

[01:33.04]people everywhere are feeling new wants

[01:35.56]and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,

[01:38.99]while governments are often forced to introduce

[01:41.51]still further innovations for the reasons given above.>

[01:45.54]At the same time,

[01:46.85]the normal rate of social change throughout the world

[01:49.54]is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed

[01:52.76]compared with the past.

[01:54.38]For example.

[01:55.59](4)

[01:58.47]the process of industrialization

[02:00.50]--with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns

[02:03.12]that followed--was spread over nearly a century,

[02:06.65]whereas nowadays a developing nation

[02:08.96]may undergo the same process in a decade or so.>

[02:12.30]All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures

[02:15.93]and tensions within the community

[02:18.35]and consequently presents serious problems

[02:20.73]for the governments concerned.

[02:22.65](5)

[02:25.38]because of the population explosion or problems arising

[02:28.80]from mass migration movements

[02:31.02]--themselves made relatively easy nowadays

[02:33.85]by modern means of transport.>

[02:35.96]As a result of all these factors,

[02:38.08]governments are becoming increasingly

[02:40.09]dependent on biologists and social scientists

[02:43.21]for planning the appropriate programs

[02:45.23]and putting them into effect.