increased the numbers
and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life
representing
irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the
landowners: and almost
equally detached from the responsible management of business.
[参考译文]这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他
们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个
因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与
公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。
22. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large
"comfortable" classes
who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of
the community
except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a
shareholders' meeting to
dictate their orders to the management.
[参考译文]像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的"舒
适"阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了
分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟
社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。
23. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or
needs of the
workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence
on the
relations of capital and labor was not good.
[参考译文]这样的"股东"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需
求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。
24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation
with the men and
their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of
the workmen
which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the
old family
business now passing away.
[参考译文]代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连
他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古
老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有
这样的私人关系。
25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's
excellent elementary
schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of
giving premiums
to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial"
thinking about
things technological.
[参考译文]在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教育：欢
迎新技术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法;而且最重要的是美国人在对
那些技术性事物的非言语的、"空间性的"思考方面的天赋。
26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about
objects that can not be
reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his
mind by a visual,
nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble
and manipulate
in their minds devices that as yet do not exist".
[参考译文]正如尤金•弗格森所指出的那样："一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成
能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、
非语言表述的过程宋处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中
装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。"
27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers,
screws, wedges,
wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering
them as an exhibition
of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea".
[参考译文]罗伯特•法欧特曾经这样写到："一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、
轮子等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成
自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了--种新
的思想。"
28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the
creationists a good beating.
He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with
the ways of
creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an
unpleasant
surprise.
[参考译文]在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描述了他
们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁;熟悉的人来
说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧
异。
29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This
book stands for reason
itself." And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge
in the
creationism/evolution debate.
[参考译文]在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬•杰伊•古尔德写道："这本书本
身就代表理性。"而它确实是这样的--而且如果理性成为神造论/地化
论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。 30. After six months of arguing and final 16
hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's
Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow
doctors to take the
lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.
[参考译文] 经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北
部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立
法当局。
31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches,
right-to-life groups and the
Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste
of its passage. But
the tide is unlikely to turn back.
[参考译文]一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，倡导生命之
权的团体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通过
过于匆忙。但是大势已定，不可逆转。
32. In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and
changing
community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to
consider making a
similar law to deal with euthanasia.
[参考译文]在澳大利亚--人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态度，这
些因素都在发挥作用一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的
法律。
33. There are, of course, exceptions. Small--minded officials, rude
waiters, and ill mannered
taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made
so frequently that
it deserves comment.
[参考译文]当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的传者，和没有
礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见，这
使得它值得被讨论一下。
34. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of
substances (drugs) is
pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable,
coffee to get going in
the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.
[参考译文]我们生活在一种药品(毒品)的医学用途和社会用途都很广泛的社会里：
一片用来止头痛的阿斯匹林，一些用来社交的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神
所喝的咖啡，一支用来定神的香烟。
35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and
more of the substance
required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of
unpleasant withdrawal
symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
[参考译文]对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量，要产生想得到的效果所
需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当停止用药后，令人不快的停药
症状的出现。
36. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator
Robert Dole asked
Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you
corrupt our
nation and threaten our children as well?"
[参考译文]上星期参议员罗博特多尔质问时代华纳公司的高级管理人员们："难道这
就是你们希望能够成就的事业?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，但是难道
你们还非要腐化我们的国家，威胁我们的孩子们吗?"
37. "The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal
column', "lies not in
how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of
thought and
expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating
the results may
sometimes be..."
[参考译文]"对任何一个民主社会的考验，"他在《华尔街杂志》的一个专栏文章中
写到，"不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于这个社会是
否能给予思考和表达的尽可能广泛的自由，不管有时候这种结果是多么
的富有争议或令人不快…"
38. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's
stockholders' meeting, Levin
asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited
his son, a teacher in
the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
[参考译文]在-上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说："音乐不是
社会问题的原因"，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克
斯的一个教师，并用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。
39. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as
"steering the economy to a
soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes" , makes it sound like a precise
science. Nothing
could be further from the truth.
[参考译文]有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如"轻踩刹车"以"操纵经济软着
陆"，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际
情况的了。
40. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation
figures in Britain and
the United States, since, conventional measures suggest that both
economies, and especially
America's, have little productive slack.
[参考译文]经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶，因为传
统的计量方法显示两国的经济，特别是美国的经济，几乎没有生产萧条
的时候。
