2.3.4 一些较为常见的前缀
1) 可用来改变词类的前缀：
a- 加在名词前构成形容词或副词：
asleep aboard aside ashore ablaze
be- 加在名词或形容词前构成动词：
befriend bewitch behead belittle bedim
em- 加在名词等前构成动词：
embark embed embody empower embitter
en- 加在名词前构成动词：
endanger encourage enrage enforce enslave
en- 加在形容词前构成动词：
enrich enlarge ennoble endear enable
out- 加在名词或形容词前构成动词：
outflank outnumber outpace outwit outsmart
2)有些前缀可用来构成反义词：
de- de-emphasize decentralize demilitarize demobilize
（非…） decolonize depoliticize dehydrate declassify
dis- dislike disbelieve distrust disagree
（构成动词） disapprove disobey displease disappear
dis- disbelief discontent disorder dishonour
（构成名词） discomfort disobedience disrespect disadvantage
dis- disloyal dishonest disinterested disorderly
（构成形容词） discourteous disreputable dissimilar disproportionate
il- illegal illogical illiterate illegitimate
im- impatient impolite impossible immature
in- incapable informal inadequate independent
inability injustice inadequacy insecurity
ir- irresolute irresponsible irresistible irregular
mal- malnutrition maladjusted maltreatment maladministration
non- non-essential non-economic non-profit non-resident
non-smoker non-specialist non-violent non-competitive
un- unable uncertain untidy unsafe
（构成形容词） unconscious unfortunate unlucky uncomfortable
un- uncertainty untidiness unhappiness unwillingness
（构成名词） unacceptability unfairness unpleasantness unbelievability
un- unwillingly unconsciously unfairly unfortunately
（构成副词） uncertainly unluckily unofficially untidily
un- undress unbutton untie unlock
（构成动词） unpack uncover undo unwrap
un- unexpected unfinished unprepared unprecedented
（构成分词） unchanging unhesitating uninviting untrusting
3) 一些表示特定意思的前缀
大部分前缀都表示特定意思，较常见的有：
前 缀 意 思 例 词
* * *
* * *
* * *
* * *
all- 纯，全是 all-wool all-steel
all-female all-new
各个 all-age all-season
all-purpose all-weather
anti- 反，抗 anti-fascist anti-racist
anti-war anti-abortion
anti-aircraft anti-cancer
anti-pollution anti-inflation
antibiotic antibody
antidote antiseptic
arch- 大的 archduke archangel
archbishop archdeacon
头号的 arch-enemy arch-rival
arch-villain arch-traitor
auto- 自动的 automatic auto-timer
auto-record auto-reverse
自己的 autobiography autograph
autonomous autonomy
汽车的 automobile auto-industry
auto work auto sport
bi- 双，二 bilingual bilateral
bigamy bifocals
bio- 生物的 biochemical biological
biologist biotechnology
centi- 百分之一的 centimeter centigram
centiliter centigrade
co- 共同（做某事） co-author co-chairman
co-pilot co-founder
co-direct co-operate
co-exist co-edit
counter- 反 counter-measure counter-attack
counter-strike counter-revolution
double- 双 double-decker double-barrelled
double-breasted double-bed
哄骗 double-cross double-dealing
double-talk double-dealer
down- 往下 downhill downward(s)
downriver downstairs
恶化 downturn downfall
downgrade downcast
ever- 一直，不断 ever-present everlasting
ever-widening evergrowing
越来越 ever stronger ever-bolder
ever-greater ever-faster
ex- 以前的 ex-president ex-husband
ex-lover ex-wife
extra- 特别的，超 extra-bright extra-strong
extra-large extra-thin
以外的 extra-curricular extra-mural
extra-marital extra-territorial
fore- 前部的 foredeck forehead
foreleg forearm
预见的 foresight foretell
forecast foresee
free- 自由的 free-flowing free-moving
free-floating free-running
full- 完全 full-scale full-speed
full-grown full-strength
全部，整个 full-time full-year
full-size full-page
half- 半 half-asleep half-finished
half-circle half-pay
half-moon half-empty
half-French half-sister
hand- 用手的 hand-made hand-operated
handwritten hand-wash
手提（推）的 handbag handcart
handbaggage handbook
hydro- 水力的 hydro-power hydro-electric
hydro-energy hydrophobia
ill- 不好的 ill-health ill-humour
ill-luck ill-will
ill-tempered ill-natured
ill-mannered ill-bred
不适宜的 ill-timed ill-informed
ill-educated ill-chosen
inter- 之间的 international inter-city
inter-racial intercontinental
相互的 interchange interact
interlink interrelate
kilo- 千 kilogram kilowatt
kilometre kilohertz
mal- 不良的 maladjusted malnourished
maladroit malformed
malfunction malnutrition
malpractice maldistribution
man- 由人，人 man-made man-devised
manpower mankind
对人 man-killer man-eating
manhunt manslaughter
mid- 中间（指时间） midday mid-summer
midnight mid-century
中部（指空间） midair mid-Europe
midocean mid-Wales
milli- 千分之一 milligram millimeter
milliliter milliamp
mini- 小的，微型的 minicab minibus
mini-computer miniskirt
mis- 错误地 misjudge misuse
misunderstand misprint
错误的 misconception misinformation
mismanagement misunderstanding
new- 新近 newborn newfound
new-wedded new-baked
news- 新闻 newscast newsletter
newspaper news-stand
over- 过分地 overeat over-reach
over-do overestimate
过于 over-anxious over-eager
over-cautious over-confident
过量的 overdose overcharge
overweight overwork
压倒 overcome overpower
overthrow overrule
其他意思 oversee overseas
overlook overcoat
post- …之后的 post-election post-medieval
post-liberation post-renaissance
邮（政）的 postmark postcard
post-box postcode
pre- …之前的 pre-war pre-birth
pre-marital pre-revolution
预见，在前 prejudge preview
predetermine predecease
预先…的 pre-arranged prepaid
pre-planned prefabricated
pro- 亲…，支持…的 pro-government pro-communist
pro-West pro-abortion
re- 重新 re-open rewrite
remarry rebuild
再次 reappear reconsider
rediscover review
self- 自我…的 self-educated self-appointed
self-employed self-imposed
自（我）的 self-defence self-criticism
self-analysis self-control
自己…的 self-locking self-cleaning
self-winding self-regulating
semi- 半…的 semi-automatic semi-naked
semi-official semi-liquid
半 semi-circle semi-annual
semi-conductor semi-darkness
sub- 次…，下一级的 subcontinent subcommittee
subdivision sub-heading
下面的，潜 subway subconscious
submarine sub-current
不…够的 subnormal subfertile
substandard sub-literacy
super- 极…的 super-clever super-cheap
super-friendly super-sensitive
超级的 superpower supermarket
superstar superman
超…的 supersonic supernatural
supernormal supernational
其他意思 superfluous superstition
supervise superstructure
tele- 远距离的 telephone telescope
television telecommunication
trans- 从…到 transport transfer
transplant transmit
translate transform
transcribe transition
穿越 transAmerica transatlantic
trans-Siberian trans-Alaska
under- 不足的 under-developed under-financed
undernourished underestimate
下面的 underground underwear
underline undersigned
下一级的 undergraduate undersecretary
underlibrarian undermanager
其他意思 understand undertake
undermine underworld
uni- 单一的 unilateral unisex
unify unity
up- 在…上方的 upside uphill
upriver upstairs
改进，更新 update upgrade
uprate upsurge
打乱 upset uproar
uproot uprising
其他意思 upright uphold
upheaval upbringing
vice- 副的 vice-chairman vice-premier
vice-minister vice-consul
well- …得很好的 well-behaved well-written
well-dressed well-educated
很…的 well-known well-deserved
well-loved well-respected
其他意思 well-read well-informed
well-paid well-received
