[00:00.00] unit 12
[00:03.35]Public Speaking
[00:06.66]Part Two
[00:09.76]Listening-Centered Activities
[00:13.97]Listening 1
[00:17.24]Exercise 1
[00:20.95]Directions:
[00:24.41]Listen to the talk carefully and discuss with your neighbor
[00:30.49]to decide which of the following are the reasons the speaker cites
[00:35.68]to show the importance of posture and body movements.
[00:40.82]As a speaker,
[00:43.96]you must be aware of your body as an important source of communication.
[00:50.18]In fact,
[00:53.17]the body is so expressive in communicating ideas and feelings
[00:58.79]that many of our verbal expressions are based on descriptions of body movements.
[01:04.76]For example, a person who maintains a positive attitude in times of adversity
[01:11.78]is said to keep a "stiff upper lip".
[01:16.14]Someone in great suspense or suffering extreme anxiety
[01:21.07]is said to be "sitting on the edge of his seat".
[01:25.46]These figures of speech accurately describe the body movements
[01:31.37]of people in these situations.
[01:35.36]Our body movements
[01:39.25]and posture are closely related to our physical and emotional states.
[01:45.84]On the physical level, posture can reveal whether a person is tired,
[01:52.00]energetic or in pain. On an emotional level,
[01:59.34]posture also tells us something about a person's self-image.
[02:04.70]People with great self-confidence move about easily, stand up straight,
[02:11.29]and hold up their heads.
[02:15.40]Those individuals who are shy, ill at ease or ashamed of themselves
[02:21.70]are more likely to keep their heads and eyes lowered.
[02:27.06]A speaker's body movements and posture
[02:32.10]influence an audience's perceptions in many ways.
[02:37.50]In order to appear poised and confident, try standing comfortably "at ease",
[02:44.48]with your weight equally distributed over both feet.
[02:49.16]Find ways to make your body relax; if you are too stiff,
[02:55.36]the audience may begin to feel uncomfortable.
[02:60.00]At the other extreme, avoid leaning on the lectern,
[03:05.87]or standing with your weight distributed on one hip or the other.
[03:11.41]If your posture is too relaxed, you may be perceived as too casual.
[03:17.86]Exercis 2
[03:21.46]Directions:
[03:24.88]Listen to the talk again
[03:28.51]and complete the following sentences with the information you hear.
[03:34.67]Listening 2
[03:38.38]Exercise 1
[03:41.83]Directions:
[03:45.14]Listen to the talk and write down the guidelines for using humor in a speech.
[03:53.17]Compare your notes with your neighbor's afterward.
[03:58.39]Humor can be very effective if used properly in a speech.
[04:04.51]Use the following guidelines:
[04:08.69]1.Make sure your material is funny. Rehearse your speech with a friend.
[04:16.46]Try to think as your audience thinks.
[04:21.29]2.Be original. Don't tell a joke or story the audience has already heard.
[04:29.89]Remember, a speech to entertain is not a comedy routine you decided to copy.
[04:37.24]3.Don't use private jokes.
[04:42.53]A private joke is a humorous remark that only a few people understand
[04:49.62]because they have private or personal information.
[04:54.84]The rest of the audience is left out.
[04:59.23]This type of humor is most appropriate when you're with a small group of friends.
[05:06.36]4.Pause for laughs.
[05:11.58]If you say something funny and immediately follow it with another comment,
[05:18.46]the members of the audience won't laugh. They'll be listening to your next comment.
[05:25.58]Effective use of pauses is part of comic timing.
[05:32.57]5.Don't aim your humor at a single person.
[05:38.87]If you do, the audience will think you are sarcastic and mean.
[05:44.77]While some good-natured jokes about others are fine,
[05:50.10]make sure they're few and good-na-tured.
[05:56.11]6.Above all, use humor that doesn't offend people.
[06:02.63]Never make jokes at another person's expense.
[06:07.56]Never use humor that makes an audience feel uncomfortable. If you suspect that a story,
[06:15.66]remark, or joke will be inappropriate, find something else to say.
[00:03.35]Public Speaking
[00:06.66]Part Two
[00:09.76]Listening-Centered Activities
[00:13.97]Listening 1
[00:17.24]Exercise 1
[00:20.95]Directions:
[00:24.41]Listen to the talk carefully and discuss with your neighbor
[00:30.49]to decide which of the following are the reasons the speaker cites
[00:35.68]to show the importance of posture and body movements.
[00:40.82]As a speaker,
[00:43.96]you must be aware of your body as an important source of communication.
[00:50.18]In fact,
[00:53.17]the body is so expressive in communicating ideas and feelings
[00:58.79]that many of our verbal expressions are based on descriptions of body movements.
[01:04.76]For example, a person who maintains a positive attitude in times of adversity
[01:11.78]is said to keep a "stiff upper lip".
[01:16.14]Someone in great suspense or suffering extreme anxiety
[01:21.07]is said to be "sitting on the edge of his seat".
[01:25.46]These figures of speech accurately describe the body movements
[01:31.37]of people in these situations.
[01:35.36]Our body movements
[01:39.25]and posture are closely related to our physical and emotional states.
[01:45.84]On the physical level, posture can reveal whether a person is tired,
[01:52.00]energetic or in pain. On an emotional level,
[01:59.34]posture also tells us something about a person's self-image.
[02:04.70]People with great self-confidence move about easily, stand up straight,
[02:11.29]and hold up their heads.
[02:15.40]Those individuals who are shy, ill at ease or ashamed of themselves
[02:21.70]are more likely to keep their heads and eyes lowered.
[02:27.06]A speaker's body movements and posture
[02:32.10]influence an audience's perceptions in many ways.
[02:37.50]In order to appear poised and confident, try standing comfortably "at ease",
[02:44.48]with your weight equally distributed over both feet.
[02:49.16]Find ways to make your body relax; if you are too stiff,
[02:55.36]the audience may begin to feel uncomfortable.
[02:60.00]At the other extreme, avoid leaning on the lectern,
[03:05.87]or standing with your weight distributed on one hip or the other.
[03:11.41]If your posture is too relaxed, you may be perceived as too casual.
[03:17.86]Exercis 2
[03:21.46]Directions:
[03:24.88]Listen to the talk again
[03:28.51]and complete the following sentences with the information you hear.
[03:34.67]Listening 2
[03:38.38]Exercise 1
[03:41.83]Directions:
[03:45.14]Listen to the talk and write down the guidelines for using humor in a speech.
[03:53.17]Compare your notes with your neighbor's afterward.
[03:58.39]Humor can be very effective if used properly in a speech.
[04:04.51]Use the following guidelines:
[04:08.69]1.Make sure your material is funny. Rehearse your speech with a friend.
[04:16.46]Try to think as your audience thinks.
[04:21.29]2.Be original. Don't tell a joke or story the audience has already heard.
[04:29.89]Remember, a speech to entertain is not a comedy routine you decided to copy.
[04:37.24]3.Don't use private jokes.
[04:42.53]A private joke is a humorous remark that only a few people understand
[04:49.62]because they have private or personal information.
[04:54.84]The rest of the audience is left out.
[04:59.23]This type of humor is most appropriate when you're with a small group of friends.
[05:06.36]4.Pause for laughs.
[05:11.58]If you say something funny and immediately follow it with another comment,
[05:18.46]the members of the audience won't laugh. They'll be listening to your next comment.
[05:25.58]Effective use of pauses is part of comic timing.
[05:32.57]5.Don't aim your humor at a single person.
[05:38.87]If you do, the audience will think you are sarcastic and mean.
[05:44.77]While some good-natured jokes about others are fine,
[05:50.10]make sure they're few and good-na-tured.
[05:56.11]6.Above all, use humor that doesn't offend people.
[06:02.63]Never make jokes at another person's expense.
[06:07.56]Never use humor that makes an audience feel uncomfortable. If you suspect that a story,
[06:15.66]remark, or joke will be inappropriate, find something else to say.
